tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4542863815228823642024-03-13T06:15:25.198-07:00Essay formatJanehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17090106319618738235noreply@blogger.comBlogger1915125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-454286381522882364.post-83280322556245806922020-08-26T09:40:00.001-07:002020-08-26T09:40:07.430-07:00Interpersonal attraction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 wordsRelational fascination - Essay Example Individuals whom we are close with and love yet not energetically are intended to be our companions while we became sweethearts when we come to appear and the inclination for enthusiasm with the other gender, since both of the two individuals are comparative they do have a similar inclination and they can resolve to cherish each other however then we can't be an admirer of others when we are submitted with this said our affection one. In view of Similarity and physical fascination we've coming into associating with others. Comparability is a lot of occurring between companions, as for instance they are comparable on what they do, similar to they have a similar taste with regards to dressings and insides, you both like ball instead of volleyball, and that's only the tip of the iceberg. Likeness between others you is broadly spread out to all kinships, that is the motivation behind why your companions since you both can see one another. With regards to a more profound sentiment of love to the other gender will mean of an enthusiastic love. Companionate love is the thing that we felt for our companions as our organization particle. We don't give unique affections for them like what we provide for an individual which we like most, a companion as well as in excess of a companion. Companionate love is diverse to enthusiastic love. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17090106319618738235noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-454286381522882364.post-11704099270384124942020-08-22T07:45:00.001-07:002020-08-22T07:45:17.612-07:00Managing strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 wordsOverseeing system - Essay Example In any case, the consistently developing industry of the travel industry in Europe has implied that there were a few factors in the outside condition that were affecting the visit administrators. This report will examine those components utilizing the PESTEL model and Porterââ¬â¢s Five Forces. PESTEL Analysis Political The major political issue that struck the European visit administrator industry was the September 11 assaults in the United States of America. The calamity was adverse for Europe as well as for wherever around the globe. One of the ventures that endured most was the travel industry. The feeling of dread among individuals developed and that carried a major stop to the quantity of explorers around the globe. The nations had actualized severe arrangements on visas and passage of outsiders in their territories. Among nations, there was expanded investigation as the delayed consequences of the assault on the US. There was absence of trust in light of the security inconve niences. Each outsider was investigated. Approaches were made severe and this was one significant motivation behind why the travel industry endured a top dog after the assault (United States, 2006). Efficient The assaults didn't simply influence the political scene of the world however it additionally directly affected the economies of a few districts. Organizations stopped and fare and import was seriously influenced. This implied organizations were not getting as much cash as they would in ordinary occasions. Along these lines, there was a serious absence of benefit which prompted organizations coming up short on capital (Beaver, 2002). There were a great deal of positions lost and joblessness was on the ascent. The general spending intensity of the regular man went low in view of which the consumptions on extravagances, for example, voyaging was likewise chopped down. This directly affected the European the travel industry since individuals began become more worried about their p rosperity as opposed to spending substantial and travel and recreation. A gigantic decay was found in the measure of cash being spent in the travel industry (Hall and Lew, 2009). Matters were additionally exacerbated when the worldwide monetary emergency hit the district in the last 2000s. The world got overflowing of fluid cash and economies were falling. This implied the general financial circumstance was not beneficial. Organizations were enduring also with numerous huge names being constrained into closing down their organizations. With everything taken into account, it was an extreme domain to work in for the European the travel industry. Social The constructive angle in the outer condition for the European the travel industry, be that as it may, was that the individuals of Europe by and large loved voyaging. It was paid attention to and individuals thought about it as their energy. This implied when political and financial conditions in the locale improved, individuals returne d to putting resources into their movements and this was something that enormously profited the travel industry in Europe (Davidson, 1998). Innovative Technology had a major part to play in the European the travel industry. For visit administrators particularly, innovation was ending up being a threat. This was on the grounds that their immediate rivals, who might be simply the inns and aircrafts, began selling their items and administrations through the web. During the last 2000s, deals through web outperformed every single other medium. Innovation gave a progressively advantageous and simple access to individuals who wished to book flights and visits. Aircrafts just as inns both were currently giving bundled visits to their clients, something the visit administrators in Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17090106319618738235noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-454286381522882364.post-62355811300397006202020-08-17T14:54:00.001-07:002020-08-17T14:54:03.536-07:00LikelihoodLikelihood mit_hopefulgirl asks, I was wondering if MIT actually sends out likely admit letters for RD applicants before the actual deadline? I know some other top colleges do. For those of you not up to speed on what a likely letter is, you should check out this Wall Street Journal article from two years ago. In increasing numbers, colleges are wooing their top choices with notes of praise and hints of acceptance letters and scholarship money to come. The idea is to win their affections by getting them some good news before the competition does. This courtship, which can take place up to several months before formal acceptance letters hit students mailboxes, comes in various forms: everything from likely letters which tell students that theyre likely to get admitted to love letters, or handwritten notes from admissions offices complimenting a students essay or some other aspect of the application. The short answer, mit_hopefulgirl, is MIT doesnt send these likely letters. One reason why likely letters arent a part of our process is that our process differs from many of the schools who employ them. At MIT, we read and summarize the applications over the course of a number of weeks, and we dont admit anyone until all of the reading is done and we come together as a committee. At some other schools, some admitting is done on the spot when the admissions officer sees a clear admit come across his or her desk, they can admit the student right then and there. The problem is that admissions offers for these schools wont be sent out for a long time, sometimes months. A regular action applicant at one school might be reviewed and admitted in the beginning of January, but the formal decision might not go out until April. So, in a sense, I can understand the urge to not have people wait. In the WSJ article, Dartmouth Dean of Admissions Karl Furstenberg is quoted as saying, We do these letters to try to introduce some humanity into the pressured admissions proce ss. Another reason we dont have any early notification is that MIT does its notification pretty early anyway. Last year, I believe our regular action letters were mailed on Pi Day. I dont know when well mail this year yet, but it will be sometime in the middle of March, probably a good two weeks before the Ivies. I think its a good thing that we can finish our admissions decisions in mid-March to give students more time before the May 1 reply deadline to be able to make their college decision (I know I needed every last day to make my decision). I do think these likely letters, though, in addition to the stress they can relieve, also can add a bit of stress to the process. Why not straight-out admit the student rather than send a potentially confusing letter telling someone theyll probably be admitted (probably? why not definitely? what would have to happen to not get admitted?)? And what of the students who dont get likely letters? I wonder if these schools that send likely letters might be better served by going to a Rolling Admissions model. This is the model used a number of schools, including at the only other college Im aware of that has an admissions officer blog, Loyola Marymount University you can read about their Rolling Admissions in the January 3 entry in Chris blog. Anyway, for those of you applying to schools that use likely letters, I hope you get one in your mailbox. And for those of you applying to MIT, I wish you the all best for getting our big envelope in March. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17090106319618738235noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-454286381522882364.post-41891508558289113182020-05-24T07:30:00.001-07:002020-05-24T07:30:03.435-07:00First Amendment- Religion Cases Of Religion - 1542 Words First Amendment- Religion Cases Religion is defined by a commitment or devotion to religious faith or observance. This probably was not the exact definition that the Founding Fathers knew but it was close. In the United States Constitution the very first amendment describes a few of the peopleââ¬â¢s unalienable rights. The First Amendment states, ââ¬Å"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievancesâ⬠(U.S. Constitution. Amend. I). This is the government saying there will be no established religion nor will any religion beâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦If the state were to conceal the money from the parents of children that attend private schools, then that would violate the Free Exercise Clause. The Supreme Courtââ¬â¢s decision was 5-4 in favor of the Board of Education. Justice Hugo Black provided that the state arranged a few general compensations to all citizens, which includes the reimbursement for public transportation to schools. The state cannot take that away from anyone due to their religious or non-religious beliefs. The next case, Walz v Tax Commââ¬â¢n of the City of New York, was also brought to the light of the Supreme court for alleged violation of the Establishment Clause as well. The circumstances of the case are also similar to that of the Everson v Board of Education. The plaintiff, being Mr. Walz, held land in New York City. Mr. Walz filed a lawsuit in state court pursuing a decree that will restrict the Tax Commission from executing a segment of the New York Constitution which gave immunity from property taxes upon the land operated exclusively for the purposes of religion, education, and or charity. The problem that could have risen from this tax exemption was that someone could argue that this was favori ng a certain religion and violating the Establishment and Free Exercise Clauses of the First Amendment. This is exactly the argument that was made by Mr. Walz. Both court of appeals and the state supreme court conceded summary judgement for the Tax Commision. A summaryShow MoreRelatedSex Marriage License Does Not Violate The Lemon Test1084 Words à |à 5 Pagesà © Entanglement with religion: A public official allowing the deputy clerk to sign a same-sex marriage license does not violate the ââ¬Å"Lemon Testâ⬠. However, making adherence to a religion can prohibit religion. Justice Oââ¬â¢Connor concurred, that the Establishment Clause can prohibit in two principle ways and ââ¬Å"One is excessive *688 entanglement with religious institutions, which may interfere with the independence of the institutions, give the institutions access to government or governmentalRead More Religion and Prayer in Public Schools Essay1469 Words à |à 6 PagesReligion in Public Schools à The practice of religion has been a major factor in American culture for centuries. The religion clause of the First Amendment, which states Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion or prohibiting the free exercise thereof, was developed to preserve the freedom of religion (Haynes 2). The religion clause was designed to protect religion from the control of the government, but, consequently, it restricts the expression of religionRead MoreThe Right Of Free Speech And Freedom Of Press1363 Words à |à 6 PagesThe right many Americans take for granted every day is the ability to speak to one another and to express their opinions through verbal and non-verbal means of communication. The First Amendment provides the right of free speech and freedom of press to the people. 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Buono Court Case The First Amendment guarantees U.S citizen with basic freedoms such as religion, speech, press, assembly and petition. In the 2010 Case between Salazar and Buono, The First Amendment was put on trial in the Supreme Court Justice. The Supreme Court examined whether a religious cross, meant to honor World War I Veterans, violated the Establishment Clause in the First Amendment. Frank Buono, a former preserve employee, filed the lawsuit to get rid of the religious crossRead MoreThe Civil Rights Of The United States891 Words à |à 4 PagesThe First Amendment guarantees U.S citizen with basic freedoms such as religion, speech, press, assembly and petition. In the 2010 case between Salazar and Buono, the First Amendment was put on trial in the Supreme Court Justice. The Supreme Court examined whether a religious cross, meant to honor World War I Veterans, violated the Establishment Clause in the First Amendment. Frank Buono, a former preserve employee, filed the lawsuit to get rid of th e religious cross in the reserve permanently, statingRead MoreEssay on Reflection on the First Amendment1362 Words à |à 6 Pageslaw respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or the press, or the right of peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for the redress of grievancesâ⬠(United States Constitution). In 1789 the anti-federalist main concern was that the Constitutionââ¬â¢s lack of adequate guarantees for civil liberties. To provide such guarantees, the First Amendment along with the other nine Amendments known as the Bill of Rights wereRead MoreThe First Ammendment and Dealing with the Separation of Church and State1741 Words à |à 7 PagesThe First Ammendment and Dealing with the Separation of Church and State Is it unconstitutional for local, state or federal governments to favor one religion over another? Government can show favoritism toward religion by displaying religious symbols in public places at taxpayer expense, by sponsoring events like Christmas concerts, caroling, by supporting the teaching of religious ideas, or even by supporting the teaching of creationism in public schools. It appears the UnitedRead MoreSchool District V. Schempp1618 Words à |à 7 PagesDistrict v. Schempp is a 1963 Supreme Court Case that challenged religious prayer and teachings in Pennsylvania public schools. The Pennsylvania law made it a requirement for schools in all districts to read from the Bible (at least 10 verses) every day before class began. There was also a clause included in the state action that allowed for any child to be excused from the reading with specific permission from their parent or guardian. The question that this case asks is if it is unconstitutional forRead MoreThe Argument Of The First Amendment878 Words à |à 4 PagesThe purpose of the First Amendment is to ââ¬Å"ensure against government intrusions on personal freedoms such as freedom of religion, freedom of the press, free expression, freedom of association, and freedom of assembly (Michigan State University)â⬠. So with the first amendment preve nting against government intrusions on religion could a football coach at a public high school lead the players in prayer before a game? Well the answer is no, it is against the law for schools to sponsor or endorse speech Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17090106319618738235noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-454286381522882364.post-67163159050417507652020-05-13T10:43:00.001-07:002020-05-13T10:43:03.001-07:00How Ancient Hunters Used Desert Kites A desert kite (or kite) is a variation on a type of communal hunting technology used by hunter-gatherers throughout the world. Like similar ancient technologies such as buffalo jumps or pit traps, desert kites involve a collection of people purposefully herding a large group of animals into pits, enclosures, or off steep cliff edges. Desert kites consist of two long, low walls generally built of unmortared fieldstone and arranged in a V- or funnel shape, broad at one end and with a narrow opening leading to an enclosure or pit at the other end. A group of hunters would chase or herd large game animals into the wide end and then chase them down the funnel to the narrow end where they would be trapped in a pit or stone enclosure and easily slaughtered en masse. Archaeological evidence suggests that the walls dont have to be tall or even very substantial--historical kite use suggest that a row of posts with rag banners will work just as well as a stone wall. However, kites cannot be used by a single hunter: it is a hunting technique that involves a group of people planning in advance and working communally to herd and eventually slaughter the animals. Identifying Desert Kites Desert kites were first identified in the 1920s by Royal Air Force pilots flying over the eastern desert of Jordan; the pilots named them kites because their outlines as seen from the air reminded them of the childrens toy kites. Extant remnants of kites number in the thousands, and are distributed throughout the Arabian and Sinai peninsulas and as far northward as southeastern Turkey. Over a thousand have been documented in Jordan alone. The earliest desert kites are dated to the Pre-Pottery Neolithic B period of 9th-11th millennia BP, but the technology was used as recently as the 1940s to hunt the Persian goitered gazelle (Gazella subgutturosa). Ethnographic and historic reports of these activities state that typically 40-60 gazelles could be trapped and killed in a single event; on occasion, up to 500-600 animals could be killed at once. Remote sensing techniques have identified well over 3,000 extant desert kites, in a wide variety of shapes and configurations. Archaeology and Desert Kites Over the decades since the kites were first identified, their function has been debated in archaeological circles. Until about 1970, a majority of archaeologists believed that the walls were used to herd animals into defensive corrals in times of danger. But archaeological evidence and ethnographic reports including documented historic slaughtering episodes have led most researchers to discard the defensive explanation. Archaeological evidence for the use and dating of kites includes intact, or partially intact stone walls extending out for a distance from a few meters to a few kilometers. Generally, they are built where the natural environment helps the effort, on flat land between narrow deeply incised gullies or wadis. Some kites have constructed ramps leading gently upward to increase the drop-off at the end. Stone-walled or oval pits at the narrow end are generally between six and 15 meters deep; they are also stone-walled and in some cases are built into cells so that the animals cant gain enough speed to leap out. Radiocarbon dates on charcoal within the kite pits are used to date the time that the kites were in use. Charcoal isnt typically found along the walls, at least not associated with the hunting strategy, and luminescence of the rock walls has been used to date them. Mass Extinction and Desert Kites Faunal remains in the pits are rare, but include gazelle (Gazella subgutturosa or G. dorcas), Arabian oryx (Oryx leucoryx), hartebeest (Alcelaphus bucelaphus), wild asses (Equus africanus and Equus hemionus), and ostrich (Struthio camelus); all of these species are now rare or extirpated from the Levant. Archaeological research at the Mesopotamian site of Tell Kuran, Syria, has identified what appears to be a deposit from a mass kill resulting from the use of a kite; researchers believe that the overuse of desert kites may have led to the extinction of these species, but it might also be climate change in the region leading to changes in regional fauna. Sources Bar-Oz, G., et al. ââ¬Å"Role of Mass-Kill Hunting Strategies in the Extirpation of Persian Gazelle (Gazella Subgutturosa) in the Northern Levant.â⬠à Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 108, no. 18, 2011, pp. 7345ââ¬â7350.Holzer, A., et al. ââ¬Å"Desert Kites in the Negev Desert and Northeast Sinai: Their Function, Chronology and Ecology.â⬠à Journal of Arid Environments, vol. 74, no. 7, 2010, pp. 806ââ¬â817.Kennedy, David. ââ¬Å"The ââ¬ËWorks of the Old Menââ¬â¢ in Arabia: Remote Sensing in Interior Arabia.â⬠à Journal of Archaeological Science, vol. 38, no. 12, 2011, pp. 3185ââ¬â3203.Kennedy, David. ââ¬Å"Kites - New Discoveries and a New Type.â⬠à Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy, vol. 23, no. 2, 2012, pp. 145ââ¬â155.Nadel, Dani, et al. ââ¬Å"Walls, Ramps and Pits: the Construction of the Samar Desert Kites, Southern Negev, Israel.â⬠à Antiquity, vol. 84, no. 326, 2010, pp. 976ââ¬â992.Rees, L.W.B. â⠬Å"The Transjordan Desert.â⬠à Antiquity, vol. 3, no. 12, 1929, pp. 389ââ¬â407. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17090106319618738235noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-454286381522882364.post-13719872433127076592020-05-06T13:44:00.001-07:002020-05-06T13:44:36.981-07:00Maltese Falcon Free Essays The Maltese Falcon by Dashiell Hammett is a thrilling movie full of twists and turns and deceits. Each character wants the Maltese falcon for the rewards it will bring. Almost everyone is a villain in some way or another. We will write a custom essay sample on Maltese Falcon or any similar topic only for you Order Now I will start with Sam Spade. He is the hero of the story, but I would say he is more of an anti-hero. He plays by his own rules. He is tough and a bit hard-nosed. He doesnââ¬â¢t seem to be upset that his partner is dead. I feel that he knew Brigid killed his partner from day one, but for some reason he didnââ¬â¢t let on until the end. Knowing this he still put up with her lies and melodrama. He obviously isnââ¬â¢t a man of scruples as he was having an affair with his partnerââ¬â¢s wife. At the end I wonder did he love Brigid as he claims or was he just playing with her? Iââ¬â¢m also left wondering was he redeeming his character by turning Brigid over to the police or was he saving his own skin? I like his character but Iââ¬â¢m not entirely sure about his motives at all points in the movie. Iââ¬â¢m not sure how much I would trust him. Dashiell Hammett has constructed Sam Spade in a way so the protagonist has become a feature of the book, rather than merely a medium for the transfer of clue and information in this novel. The reader is given the chance to venture in Spades mind and inner thoughts, Hammett cleverly allows Spade to expression his values, fears and opinions to the respondent and in turn allowing them to associate, trust and relate to him. In bringing the reader closer to the protagonist Hammett has subliminally lured the reader closer to the crime, the suspects and the victims and ultimately dragged them deeper into the noir world in which Sam Spade resides. Sam Spade, the detective-protagonist is aware that his best efforts are ultimately futile, to the extent that the corrupt urban environment will inevitably undercut and outlast his heroic attempts to see justice done, this sense of Spade wanting to achieve greater justice implies to the reader that Spade is essentially good and is resistant to the hostile world which he had devoted his life to combating. Raymond Chandler labels Hammetts character of Spade as a ââ¬Å"cynical, tough individual who maintains his code of honour in a world tarnished by deception and betrayal at all levels of societyâ⬠In ââ¬Å"The Maltese Falconâ⬠Spade is described as the ââ¬Å"blond Satan. â⬠Whilst his objective and inner good is clear to the readers, other characters struggle to see Spade in his true light, and describe him as a ââ¬Å"wild and unpredictableâ⬠¦ How to cite Maltese Falcon, Papers Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17090106319618738235noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-454286381522882364.post-1435599223703312242020-05-04T17:23:00.001-07:002020-05-04T17:23:02.300-07:00ââ¬ÅHome Cooked Meals Vs Eating Outââ¬Â free essay sample Many students studying in Canada and abroad seem to be running into similar issues with how they are being taught in the classrooms. First, students are not receiving as much study material and information from their professors as expected. Second, students become tired and lose interest when the lectures go on for too long, and when the professor does not engage the students. Finally, students should have enough time to grasp information from their teachers, by being able to discuss the information. Students, in past years, having been having problems understanding the information; for example, teachers are not breaking down the information so that it becomes easier to understand, which then causes unnecessary questions to be asked. Teachers should share life experiences and examples related to the material, making the information easier to understand. The examples should be more current so that students can relate to them. Hiring the right professors can make a big deal in someoneââ¬â¢s life, such as giving someone their number, or going out for coffee. We will write a custom essay sample on ââ¬Å"Home Cooked Meals Vs Eating Outâ⬠or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Competition should make the class more interesting in the subject or topic as well. It can also keep them more energized in the morning. When a teacher drones on for more than 30 minutes non-stop without turning to the students to ask questions and engage their understanding, students begin to lose focus, interest, and eventually it can led to dropping the course. Changing the system can make students more interested in the subject. Students want to be challenged in a fun and unique way where it makes them feel important. They need to feel a sense of self-accomplishment. The information provided to students must not be overwhelming either. The information should be enough so that its easy enough to remember. This ensures that they have enough time to dissect and understand the lesson before the next lesson is provided. Doing so will ensure that students are keeping up with each lesson, understanding it, and finally putting it into practice. The last thing you would want is information overload. Location can be a big deal; being far away can make the trip so hard on them that it gets them really tired. Also, expenses can be a big deal because of the amount of money one would need to spend for one class in order to listen to a teacher that knows too much about the topic or the subject. In conclusion students should receive more information from their professors, teachers should share life experiences, hiring the right professors can make a big deal in someoneââ¬â¢s life; also Competition should make the class more interesting. Finally Students want to be challenged in a fun and unique way where it makes them feel important. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17090106319618738235noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-454286381522882364.post-77393581210403620852020-03-29T23:01:00.001-07:002020-03-29T23:01:02.074-07:00Changes and Continuities in Commerce in the Indian Ocean Region from 650 to 1750 C.E. Essay ExampleChanges and Continuities in Commerce in the Indian Ocean Region from 650 to 1750 C.E. Paper Changes and continuities in commerce in the Indian ocean region from 650 to 1750 C. E. In the period between 650 C. E. and 1750 C. E. , the Indian Ocean region endured both change and continuity. One continuity is simply trade, for this 1,100 years the Indian ocean was an important trading zone. One change in Indian ocean trade over those years was which country dominated trade their. Over those years the Indian ocean was controlled by the Indians, the Arabs, the Chinese, and last but not least the Europeans. Their was continuity and change in trade in the Indian ocean over the aforementioned years. In the Indian ocean from 650 C. E. and 1750 C. E. there have been many continuities in commerce. One such continuity was the goods traded. For instance, spices from India and Indonesia such as black pepper were traded constantly to other countries throughout this period. Luxury products such as ebony, silk and fine textiles were also commonly traded in the Indian ocean. / Another example of continuity would be that although no one country always dominated trade in the Indian ocean the Indians and Indonesians were involved with trade to varying degrees throughout this entire time period. Weather it be threw their products being traded, receiving goods from other countries, or doing the trading themselves, they were always involved in trade. / One more example of continuity was how Indian ocean trade stayed so important over the years. Almost all major world powers did trading in the Indian ocean, Europe for instance went to great lengths to find a better trade root between the Atlantic and Indian ocean. The desire to trade in the Indian ocean region is actually what caused Europeans to discover the Americas. We will write a custom essay sample on Changes and Continuities in Commerce in the Indian Ocean Region from 650 to 1750 C.E. specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Changes and Continuities in Commerce in the Indian Ocean Region from 650 to 1750 C.E. specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Changes and Continuities in Commerce in the Indian Ocean Region from 650 to 1750 C.E. specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The Europeans were looking for a sea rout to get to Asia without going all the way around Africa, so they tried to go around the world, not knowing yet of the Americas existence. Their desire to trade urged them to explore new frontiers. There are many examples of continuity in Indian ocean commerce between 650 and 1750 C. E. In the Indian ocean from 650 C. E. and 1750 C. E. there have been many changes in commerce. One change in commerce over the years was who dominated Trade in The Indian Ocean. Over the course of this time period the Indian ocean trade was dominated by the Indians, the Chinese the Arabs and even the istant European powers. Their were also changes in what goods were traded. Some trade goods like the exotic animals taken from Africa to China that werenââ¬â¢t traded for longer then a few decades. The reason Ming China had imported animals was because they were in an age of exploration at the time and wanted to have some animals for their exotic royal zoo. Also sen ding great explorers like Zheng He showed their ability to travel to distant lands and take what they please. Another change was how things were traded. Over the course of the 1,100 years described many changes occurred in the world of sailing. China had many of these inventions with in itââ¬â¢s walls before this time period. China was so Ethnocentric . that they did not spread their inventions till generations after they were made, and even then it was often by accident The compass were great improvements on how sailors navigated to their destinations. The ships them selves also changed throughout this period. The Chinese Junks were incredible ships, vastly larger then the ones Columbus used, They were equipped with cannons to defend them selves from pirates and were, in their time the most impressive ships on the water. There are changes in commerce in the Indian ocean between 650 and 1750 C. E. Many changes and continuities and in commerce in the Indian ocean occurred between 650 and 1750 C. E. Indian ocean trade can even be related to the discovery of America. Some examples of continuities are; who was involved in trade, what was traded, who dominated trade. Examples of change are; how things were traded, the importance of trade, and what was traded. There were many changes and continuities in commerce in the Indian ocean. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17090106319618738235noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-454286381522882364.post-55018485262936933282020-03-07T10:28:00.001-08:002020-03-07T10:28:04.090-08:00An Introduction to the Romantic PeriodAn Introduction to the Romantic Period The categories which it has become customary to use in distinguishing and classifying movements in literature or philosophy and in describing the nature of the significant transitions which have taken place in taste and in opinion, are far too rough, crude, undiscriminating- and none of them so hopelessly as the category Romantic à Arthur O. Lovejoy,à On the Discriminations of Romanticisms (1924) Many scholars say that the Romantic period began with the publication of Lyrical Ballads by William Wordsworth and Samuel Coleridge in 1798. The volume contained some of the best-known works from these two poets including Coleridges The Rime of the Ancient Mariner and Wordsworths Lines Written a Few Miles from Tintern Abbey. Of course, other Literary scholars place the start the Romantic period much earlier (around 1785), since Robert Burnss Poems (1786), William Blakes Songs of Innocence (1789), Mary Wollstonecrafts A Vindication of the Rights of Women, and other works already demonstrate that a change has taken placein political thought and literary expression. Other first generation Romantic writers include Charles Lamb, Jane Austen, and Sir Walter Scott. The Second Generation A discussion of the period is also somewhat more complicated since there was a second generation of Romantics (made up of poets Lord Byron, Percy Shelley, and John Keats). Of course, the main members of this second generation- though geniusesdied young and were outlived by the first generation of Romantics. Of course, Mary Shelleystill famous for Frankenstein (1818)- was also a member of this second generation of Romantics. While there is some disagreement about when the period began, the general consensus is... the Romantic period ended with the coronation of Queen Victoria in 1837, and the beginning of the Victorian Period. So, here we are in the Romantic era. We stumble upon Wordsworth, Coleridge, Shelley, Keats on the heels of the Neoclassical era. We saw amazing wit and satire (with Pope and Swift) as a part of the last age, but the Romantic Period dawned with a different poetic in the air. In the backdrop of those new Romantic writers, penning their way into literary history, we are on the cusp the Industrial Revolution and writers were affected by the French Revolution. William Hazlitt, who published a book called The Spirit of the Age, says that the Wordsworth school of poetry had its origin in the French Revolution... It was a time of promise, a renewal of the world - and of letters. Instead of embracing politics as writers of some other eras might have (and indeed some writers of the Romantic era did) the Romantics turned to Nature for self-fulfillment. They were turning away from the values and ideas of the previous era, embracing new ways of expressing their imagination and feelings. Instead of a concentration on head, the intellectual focus of reason, they preferred to rely on the self, in the radical idea of individual freedom. Instead of striving for perfection, the Romantics preferred the glory of the imperfect. The American Romantic Period In American literature, famous writers like Edgar Allan Poe, Herman Melville, andà Nathaniel Hawthorneà created fiction during the Romantic Period in the United States. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17090106319618738235noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-454286381522882364.post-22282378608398897712020-02-20T01:54:00.001-08:002020-02-20T01:54:03.620-08:00Ethical standards in business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 wordsEthical standards in business - Essay Example 1987). Thus any virtuous manager aught to be particularly conscious about the validity and credibility of one's ethical affiliations and must ensure that the organization being managed and run by him/her abides by the time tested and authentic standards of integrity and propriety. It often gets difficult for the managers operating in the contemporary organizations to accurately identify the ethical standards, considering the deluge of ethical philosophies circulating in the academic and intellectual spheres. In the given context, it will be highly relevant to consider the opinions pertaining to ethics furnished by various schools of philosophy, which will go a long way in understanding the dilemma faced by the conscientious managers pertaining to the identification of appropriate ethical standards in a given situation. As per the theory of ethical relativism, there exist no universal norms pertaining to what is right or wrong (Ethical Relativism 2008). This gives every individual a free hand in deciding what is right or wrong as per one's discretion and understanding. ... As per the theory of ethical relativism, there exist no universal norms pertaining to what is right or wrong (Ethical Relativism 2008). This gives every individual a free hand in deciding what is right or wrong as per one's discretion and understanding. Ethical relativism holds that the meaning of 'right' and 'wrong' mostly depends on a society's dominant moral perceptions and thus the ethical standards can never be universal and may vary from place to place and from time to time. The confusion pertaining to ethics and in particular the business ethics gets further aggravated when one takes into consideration the consequentialist theories that tend to identify if an action is ethical or unethical on the basis of its final consequences. Utilitarianism is one such consequentialist theory that holds that any action is to be labelled as being truly ethical only if it succeeds in doing the "greatest good to the greatest number of people" (Ethics Matters 2006). As per this theory, an action aught to be considered to be ethical if the net happiness produced by it exceeds the unhappiness associated with it. Thus if any organization decides to build a dam to assuage the water shortages being faced by a state, utilitarianism will consider it to be ethical, even if it involves uprooting and displacing some historical monument situated in the vicinity of such a project. In contrast, the nonconsequentialist theories of ethics like Kantianism and the social contract theory totally negate the individual or group preferences in the overall process of judging the credibility of ethical or unethical actions and give predominance to the fundamental rules and principles cherished by the Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17090106319618738235noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-454286381522882364.post-5375240656655841802020-02-04T15:16:00.001-08:002020-02-04T15:16:03.054-08:00Textual Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2Textual Analysis - Essay Example For him, group absolution means the dominance of the group influence over individual will. Grossman effectively convinces the audience through pathos and logos that people can kill another person because of their group bonds that dissolve their accountability and promote their anonymity, although he commits the fallacies of false analogy, biased sample, and confusing cause and effect, when he fails to expand his sampling and to identify other probable motivations and conditions for killing. Grossman effectively convinces the audience through pathos that it takes emotional bonding to do something as hard as killing another human being, as well as being killed. He uses different emotional examples to support his claim. For instance, he mentions Dinter who explains that the ââ¬Å"integration of the individual in the groupâ⬠can be so deep that when the group is destroyed or defeated, individuals either fall to depression or commit suicide (Grossman 149-150). This example is emotio nally charged because it describes how people give up their lives when their groups falter. Furthermore, Grossman highlights the emotional connections involved in group bonding that can overpass the will of survival. He cites the account of a veteran U.S. Marines Corp. Gwynne Dyer, who underlines the role of ââ¬Å"peer pressureâ⬠in combat, while Ardant du Picq calls it ââ¬Å"mutual surveillanceâ⬠(Grossman 150). He mentions these people who believe that groups form emotional connections, which make them extremely aware of and sensitive to one anotherââ¬â¢s opinions and actions. In addition, Grossman uses examples of emotional value to stress the association between emotional group bonds and individual action. He narrates the action of Audie Murphy as a form of gallantry: ââ¬Å"[Murphy] won the Medal of Honor by single-handedly taking on a German infantry companyâ⬠(Grossman 155). The word ââ¬Å"single-handedlyâ⬠suggests that, for Grossman, what Murphy di d is not stupid, but rather admirable. Grossman extends this admiration by quoting something deeply emotional from Murphy, who said that he attacked the Germans against all odds because ââ¬Å"they were killing [his] friendsâ⬠(Grossman 155). Murphy is illustrated as a selfless, devoted comrade, an emotional tactic that depicts how emotions surpass rationality in the context of heroic acts. Grossman, hence, clearly articulates through the testimonies of others that killing is a group business with strong emotional attachment, and not a product of individual will alone. While using pathos, Grossman also employs logos to explain how the group shapes individual combat behavior. He uses analogy to describe the parallelism between animal and human group behavior. He narrates the result of the 1972 research of Kruck, who learned that some animals slaughter prey that are more than necessary for their consumption because of group behavior (Grossman 151). Grossman believes that the same analogy applies to people in groups, where they think and act like a herd, instead of as separate individuals. He adds the explanation of Shalit, which he believes is important to corroborate his analogy. Shalit believes that ââ¬Å"senseless violence in the animal worldâ⬠is similar to ââ¬Å"violence in the human domain,â⬠and in both cases, groups are the ones who conduct violent acts, not individuals (Grossman 151). Senseless violence cannot be performed by one individual in normal cases, but groups can Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17090106319618738235noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-454286381522882364.post-67312120800366106682020-01-27T11:40:00.001-08:002020-01-27T11:40:03.432-08:00Toussaint LOuverture and the Haitian RevolutionToussaint LOuverture and the Haitian Revolution This investigation will cover the topic of the Haitian Revolution (1791-1804) with the specific focus of the revolutionary leader, Toussaint LOuverture. The research question is: To what extent did the leadership of Toussaint LOuverture result in the success of the Haitian Revolution? Two of the sources used in this investigation include the translation of an autobiography of Toussaint LOuverture and a book on the Haitian Revolution. Memoir of General Toussaint LOuverture The autobiography of Toussaint LOuverture is a primary source as it was written by the revolutionary leader himself during his life. LOuverture wrote this account of the revolution and his role in it after the Haitian Revolution while he was in prison in 1803. This autobiography is significant to this investigation because it directly tells his account of the events and will be important in investigating LOuvertures role in the revolution. This document contains value for its origin because it is a first hand account of an important historical figure. The autobiography begins with LOuverture stating that he was commanded by the French government to give a truthful account and reflection, thus giving it its value from purpose. This source also has value from its content because LOuverture discusses battles, important figures, and communications between nations and leaders in great detail. This document is limited by its origin because LOuverture originally wrote this autobiography in French so the document in examination is a translation. A limitation in its purpose is that it was written to account the Haitian side of the conflict and therefore is biased because he was only examining one side. A limitation in its content is that this document is only one mans view and it does not present anything from the opposing French view. A Concise History of the Haitian Revolution The next source is a book on the history of the Haitian Revolution written by Popkins, an American professor and scholar. It was published in 2012, long after the events of the Haitian Revolution, and it is all based on archival research so it is a secondary source. This significance of this document to this investigation is that it will provide a big picture account and analysis of the Haitian Revolution and of Toussaint LOuvertures role. This source has value because it was created for the purpose of historical accuracy and looking at multiple views. Additionally, this source has value for its origin because the author had no personal connection to the events, eliminating potential bias due to the author belonging to one side of the conflict. The author is also stated to be an expert in French and Haitian history, further eliminating bias because of limited knowledge. A value in its content is that this book examines interpretations from many different sources. A limitation by the content of this source is that the author has no personal knowledge of the events of the Haitian Revolution or of Toussaint LOuverture. The source is also limited by its origin because it was created a long time after the events it covers. Additionally, it is limited because it was created for the purpose of making a concise overview of the Haitian Revolution, limiting the detail and specific knowledge included in it. Part B: Investigation Word count: 1255 The Haitian Revolution was a bloody uprising and the only successful slave revolt in history (Girard 28) . Haiti was a French slave colony until the slaves revolted against France. The revolution resulted in the liberation of the slave population and the creation of a black republic. The slaves had no formal organization and therefore relied on the leadership of one man: Toussaint LOuverture. General LOuverture was of African heritage, speaking a native African tongue as well as French (Myers 6). His life as a slave gradually improved as he was promoted to higher positions and was allowed to live a comfortable lifestyle, including family life, profit, and education (Rainsford 243). His access to education and literature was crucial to his ability to lead militarily and politically. He gained his freedom after fifty years of slavery, by which time he had developed strongly rooted ideals about his race and their emancipation (Beard 22). When the slave revolts began, LOuverture did not immediately join the fight and instead, seeing how brutal the uprising slaves were, decided to be patient (Rainsford 246). This demonstrates that LOuverture did not have any role in beginning the slave revolts because he did not join the cause until later. Once he did join the fight, he served as a soldier, and soon was promoted to various leadership roles, under a general known for his brutality (246). At this time, the slaves were filled with rage and passion and they carried out violent attacks. LOuverture saw this and realized that change was not going to come about in this manner. (244). This knowledge laid the basis for LOuvertures level headed approach to war and politics. The slave revolts were generally disorganized and haphazard (Rainsford 243), as none of these slaves had military or political training, let alone basic education. LOuverture joined the revolt equipped with the knowledge to lead a military and political uprising and the character to solicit followers (Rainsford 244). LOuverture had much success as a general fighting the French and a as a nation builder. He claims in his autobiography that the peace and economic success of the island were all [his] work (Louverture Memoir 295). It would seem that LOuvertures leadership had created a functioning society out of a slave state. Haiti had a working economy under his leadership because he focused the economy on the agricultural production which had been the status quo during French rule when the island produced large amount of coffee and sugar for Europe (295). Although many Haitians were angry with the relatively unchanged economy, it worked to stabilize the infant nation (Rainsford 240). General LOuverture was very successful at leading the slave armies. Along with his assisting generals, Christophe and Dessalines, he was able to pressure all British forces who were at the time in conflict with the revolutionaries to withdraw from the island (Bell 114). He was also very successful in negotiating with the French General Leclerc, who misrepresented Frances orders by attacking LOuverture and his forces. LOuverture was able to calmly respond by arranging a diplomatic meeting and creating a resolution about territorial boundaries, proving his advanced diplomatic ability (Louverture Memoir 296). He also proved advanced military ability by defending cities against French Gen. Rochambeau. One specific battle was at La Croix, during which LOuverture fought off Rochambeaus force which far outnumbered his own (304). Dessalines and Christophe also proved very capable and they worked cohesively with each other and with LOuverture (301).Ãâà LOuvertures leadership empowere d the Haitian people and the slave armies and his reputation had such a lasting effect that he became a heroic figure for anti slavery activism in the U.S. He was described by some activists in the mid-1800s as being among historys greatest men (Clavin 38).Ãâà His character became a symbol of anti slavery idealism and, on a larger scale, of racial equality (35). LOuverture was proof of the ability of black men to achieve feats comparable to white men, showing that the races were equal (38). His success had revolutionary implications because this was the first time a black slave population had ousted a white population (Popkins 6). It is consistently accepted by the preceding sources that LOuverture is the man who lead the Haitians to freedom and the start of an independent nation. However, LOuverture had no role in declaring the independence of the nation because at the time he was in prison in France. In 1802 LOuverture was imprisoned by France until his death in 1803 (Louverture Memoir 305). Thus, he was absent during the finals days of the revolution. After his imprisonment, Christophe and Dessalines continued the fight and forced out the French armies of Rochambeau and Leclerc (Dubois 41). It was Dessalines, in fact, who officially declared Haitis independence and named the nation (History.com). Popkins book, A Concise History of the Haitian Revolution, discusses the less romantic side of LOuvertures rule. LOuverture put in place an authoritarian government with the goal of protecting the freedom of the black population, with himself as the head figure (Popkins 90). The new government had to be able to pro tect the people from other revolts within the nation, as well as from invasion from other nations (91). The fact that there were other revolts within Haiti itself demonstrates that LOuverture was not completely successful at achieving unity. In a letter to the people of Haiti, LOuverture says that some of the Haitians provoke the disunity of citizens and the disorganization of the current state of affairs, showing that the country was not unified (LOuverture Letter). LOuverture implemented increasingly violent means to maintain his authority, because the Haitian people did not wish to cooperate with him and in fact, many resented his authority (Popkins 91). Popkins work tells the events from a different angle than the previously discussed sources. While Popkins is not directly contradicting Clavins statement that LOuverture was a great man, he provides us with some contradictory evidence of LOuvertures political achievement (Clavin 38). It becomes clear, then, that LOuvertures leade rship was not flawless, as it is portrayed in some ideological accounts of the man. In summary, Toussaint LOuverture was a qualified leader who rose to command the slave armies of the Haitian Revolution. He played an important role in unifying the slave armies as well as building a functioning nation. LOuverture was crucial in organizing the Haitians in revolution against the French and his authoritarian rule kept the nation together despite internal conflict. His character was admired by Haitians at the time and by American anti slavery activists. The general, however, does not play the singular role of Haitian liberator. LOuverture had no role in the beginning of the revolutionary cause, and he had no role in the declaring of independence. Furthermore, there are contrasting views of LOuverture: as an idealized hero and as an authoritarian ruler. Many authors write of the general as an impressive man and a symbol of racial equality, yet there is also evidence of him being violent and unsuccessful in unification. To LOuvertures credit, the local situation was far to o combustible for gradual reform, and he did all that any man could to stabilize the nation (Brown 4). He did more than any other one person did in the efforts to establish the free nation of Haiti. In conclusion, General Toussaint LOuverture was a pivotal figure in the success of the slave armies and in the building of the Haitian nation, but he did not lead the Haitian slaves completely from oppression to republic. Part C: Reflection Word count: 412 In my investigation, I discovered that the modern-day view of Toussaint LOuverture is one of an idealized hero. His image has been used by many biographers to support anti slavery movements and to explore racial equality. Many secondary accounts of LOuverture give the man high praise and essentially create him as an ideological figure rather than a historical figure. While this situation provides ample works praising LOuverture, it creates an issue in which it is challenging for historians to find purely factual accounts as well as opposing accounts of his role in the Haitian Revolution. I examined primary and secondary sources in my investigation. The secondary sources proved valuable in that they provide big picture looks at the events surround LOuverture and the revolution. The primary source of LOuvertures memoir proved valuable because it provided first hand accounts of events which are likely to be accurate and truthful. I was challenged with my primary source because it provid e only small areas of information, lacking the big picture view of the Haitian revolution which I found in my secondary sources. I learned from this the challenges that historians face when creating secondary historical works based on primary sources. When doing my research, I located the parts of each work dealing specifically with Toussaint LOuverture. Some of my sources covered much more than my area of focus so I had to limit where I looked within each source. I then organized my sources by their purpose in my investigation: information on Toussaints life, positive views of his leadership, and skeptical views of his leadership. While in many areas of research facts can be obtained with pure objectivity, historical research does not have this luxury. In my investigation I gained awareness of the challenges historians face in finding accurate information. Historical archive-based research is challenging because all works contain some level of bias. Another issue I faced is that there is limited documentation available addressing the opposing sides to the Haitian Revolution. This is because the French and European people paid little attention to the slave revolts at the time (Popkins 10). This leaves historians with a limited scope of documentation from which to create secondary accounts. It is the role of the historian to discern the accuracy of sources by evaluating their value and limitations, which I did in my own investigation. I also learned from my investigation that the significance of historical figures may change over time due to historians purposes for writing. Works Cited Beard, John Relly. The Life of Toussaint LOuverture, the Negro Patriot of Hayti: Comprising anÃâà Account of the Struggle for Liberty in the Island, and a Sketch of Its History to the Present Period. Chapel Hill, NC: U of North Carolina, 2012. Questia School. Web. 15 Mar. 2016. Bell, Madison Smartt. Toussaint Louverture: A Biography. New York: Pantheon, 2007. Print. Beard, J. R., and James Redpath. Toussaint LOuverture: A Biography and Autobiography. Freeport, NY: for Libraries, 1971. Print. Brown, Gordon S. Toussaints Clause: The Founding Fathers and the Haitian Revolution. Jackson, MS: U of Mississippi, 2005. Questia School. Web. 15 Mar. 2016. Clavin, Matthew J. Toussaint Louverture and the American Civil War: The Promise and Peril of a Second Haitian Revolution. Philadelphia: U of Pennsylvania, 2010. Questia School. Web. 28 Mar. 2016. Dubois, Laurent. Haiti: The Aftershocks of History. New York: Metropolitan, 2012. Print. Girard, Philippe R. Haiti: The Tumultuous Historyfrom Pearl of the Caribbean to Broken Nation. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010. Print. History.com Staff. Haitian Independence Proclaimed. History.com. AE Television Networks, 2010. Web. 11 Apr. 2016. LOuverture, Toussaint. Letter to the Citizens of Color and Free Negroes of Saint-Domingue by Haiti 1791. Themarxists.org. Trans. Mitch Abidor. Marxists.org, 2007. Web. 09 Apr. 2016. Louverture, Toussaint. Memoir of Toussaint LOuverture. Boston: James Redpath, 1863. Print. Myers, Walter Dean, and Jacob Lawrence. Toussaint LOuverture: The Fight for Haitis Freedom. New York: Simon Schuster for Young Readers, 1996. Print. Popkin, Jeremy D. A Concise History of the Haitian Revolution. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell, 2012. Questia School. Web. 15 Mar. 2016. Rainsford, Marcus. An Historical Account of the Black Empire of Hayti Comprehending a View of the Principal Transactions in the Revolution of Saint Domingo, with Its Antient and Modern State. London: J. Cundee, 1805. Print. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17090106319618738235noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-454286381522882364.post-13107992010726577712020-01-19T08:03:00.001-08:002020-01-19T08:03:04.121-08:00Cisco Products and Specific Customer GroupsIn August of 2001, just months after Cisco System reported its first loss a a public company ($ 2. 7 billion), John Chambers, president and CEO, announced a major restructuring that would transform Cisco from a decentralized operation organized around customer groups to a centralized one focused on technologies. This restructuring not only risked destabilizing the large, complex organization during an economic downturn, but more importantly, threatened Ciscoââ¬â¢s ability to remain customer-focused, a hallmark of the companyââ¬â¢s culture and success since its first product was created in 1986.In order to maintain communication and stimulate ongoing collaboration among the newly independent functional areas, Cisco introduced coordination mechanisms that enable the companies to remain customer-focused. Introduction John Chambers became president and CEO of Cisco Systems in 1995. Over the course of the next several years, the decisions he made and the changes he implemented chall enged traditional business practices, and resulted in incredible growth for the company. When Chambers first started, Cisco was generating annual revenues of $2. 2 billion; just six years later, the company was generating annual revenues of $22.3 billion.All of those results, however, were threatened in the 2001 market downturn. Earlier in the year, the explosive growth in the sales of hardware supporting the Internet began to show serious signs of slowing down, and Cisco Systems, like the rest of the technology industry, was facing the repercussions of the demise of the Internet boom and the first economic downturn in more than a decade. Start-ups, which had enjoyed the benefits of a buoyant stock market, and telecommunications companies began cutting back their overextended IT and network budgets.As a result of the falling demand, Cisco announced its first loss as a public company ($2. 69 billion) in the fiscal quarter ended April 28, 2001 and cut 18% of its workforce. In August, Chambers announced a major organizational restructuring that would transform Cisco from a decentralized operation focused on specific customer groups to a centralized one focused on technologies. While recognizing that a centralized, functional structure was necessary to avoid product and resource redundancies, Chambers also realized that it risked making the company less customer-focused.At the time of the announcement, Chambers asserted that Ciscoââ¬â¢s customer-centric culture would offset this drawback, but he knew that more needed to be done to ensure that an organization as large as Cisco would remain customer-focusedââ¬âtechnology companies simply could not afford to lose 1 sight of the customer. Chambers knew then that he needed to implement a formal, crossfunctional structure that would keep the company in touch with its customers. Chambers found himself considering an ambitious idea that, if executed, could transform both his company and conventional organizational strategy.He asserted that if Cisco implemented a crossfunctional system of executive-level committees, or councils, that fostered a culture of teamwork and collaboration that the company could scale beyond what anyone else thought possible. The benefits were clearââ¬âthe cross-functional councils would bring the leaders of different functions together to collaborate and focus on the needs and issues of specific customer groups. Cisco could enjoy the benefits of being a functional organization while retaining its customer-centricity. Still, implementing such a system would be difficult.Many other companies had previously failed at facilitating collaboration across functions, especially large organizations such as Cisco. Chambers began asking himself questions. Would Ciscoââ¬â¢s employees, many of whom were accustomed to a command-and-control system, accept a more collaborative model? Could they function in such a system, even with training? Would a cross-functional system work in such a large functional organization? Furthermore, if Cisco moved forward with this idea, how many councils should be formed? How large should they be? Who would sit on and chair them?Where would the decision making power reside? And finally, how could a system be implemented without creating a matrix organization that would impede decision making and generate conflict? These were all important questions, many of which for Chambers did not yet have answers. They were also questions that would discourage most executives from taking the chance. Still, Chambers understood Ciscoââ¬â¢s employees and knew what they were capable of. He also knew that if they could succeed, the company would become even stronger financially and organizationally.With 2002 approaching, and the organizational restructuring already being implemented now was the time to act. Market Transformation Despite the challenges presented by the 2001 market downturn, Cisco overcame the sudden drop in product demand . In fact, the company became even stronger after the downturn. By the end of July 2007, Cisco was generating more than $30 billion in revenue and employing 61,535 employees worldwide. Ciscoââ¬â¢s total revenue for FY 2007 ($34. 9 billion) was an increase of approximately 23% over FY 2006 revenueââ¬â¢s of $28. 5 billion.Net Income was $7. 3 billion GAAP and $8.4 billion non- GAAP, while Earnings per Share was $1. 17 GAAP (increase of 31% year over year) and $1. 34 non-GAAP (increase of 22% year over year). Part of Ciscoââ¬â¢s post-downturn resiliency and success was the result of a transformation in its market focus and product offerings. Signs of this transformation were evident shortly before the downturn, when Cisco invested in its first comprehensive advertising campaign, including television and print, that asked the question, ââ¬Å"Are You Ready? â⬠with the goal of raising consumer awareness of its networking-equipment business and its plans to connect Internet users with its routers and switches.Because Cisco realized that it could not solely rely upon existing demand, the company began diversifying the products it offered and who it was selling those products to. By 2007, Cisco had successfully expanded into advanced technologies such as unified communications, wireless local area networking, home networking, application networking services, network security, storage 2 area networking, and video systems. These advanced technologies resulted in the growth of Ciscoââ¬â¢s enterprise (large business) and service provider segments.For instance, by 2007, more than 8 million unified IP phones had been installed worldwide (Cisco was the market share leader in the enterprise voice marketplace); Ciscoââ¬â¢s Catalyst 6500, a highperformance modular switch that converges data center, campus, and wide-area network in a single system, surpassed $20 billion in sales; and Ciscoââ¬â¢s enterprise customer installed base recently surpassed the 3 million wireless access points milestone. 3 Cisco was also able to successfully integrate the aforementioned advanced technologies with its core routing and switching technologies in products such as its Integrated Services Routers.Additionally, Cisco announced in June 2007 that it had shipped 900 of its Carrier Routing System (CRS-1), which provided continuous system operation to telecommunications service providers and research organizations, since its introduction in 2004. Cisco claimed that customers understood the leadership, total cost of ownership, flexibility, and investment protection advantages they would receive when they installed a Cisco product, which was designed to allow customers to easily and cost-effectively add marketleading voice, data, security, wireless, and other capabilities to their existing Cisco networks.This strategy differentiated Cisco from many of its competitors, which are usually present in only one or two product categories or customer segments, an d often do not integrate their products from an architectural perspective. In a conference call discussing Q4 and FY 2007 financial results, Chambers commented on the importance of this balance and integration: ââ¬Å"We believe that there are a number of factors that are unique to Ciscoââ¬â¢s ability to grow.First is our unique balance across over two dozen product areas, four customer segments, and across major developed and emerging countriesâ⬠¦From a product perspective, we approach the market with an end-to-end architecture where the products are first loosely then tightly integrated together, rather than focusing on individual routers, switches, security, wireless, storage, unified communications, or other standalone products. In addition to diversifying its product and service offerings, Cisco transformed its market focus by finding new growth opportunities in developing economies.Because Chambers knew these opportunities would not get the attention they needed from st andard geographic sales coverage, he created a new sales ââ¬Å"theaterâ⬠called Emerging Markets, which included 138 countries around the world, regardless of location. Instead of every theater having several emerging markets in their portfolio viewed as low priorities, all the emerging markets were unified into one theater with the same resources and expectations of the other theaters. While several sales leaders functioned throughout the emerging markets, one sales senior vice president (SVP) was ultimately responsible for each theater.Members of the Emerging Markets sales team met with government and business leaders in various countries to discuss ââ¬Å"how Cisco could help their countries develop a stronger economy through Internet access to education, healthcare, and business opportunitiesâ⬠. These and other efforts throughout the theater paid offââ¬âgrowth for FY 2007 in Ciscoââ¬â¢s Emerging Markets theater was 40%, the highest growth rate of all five theat ers (e. g. North America; Europe; Asia Pacific; Japan; and Emerging Markets).This performance made Chambers even more confident about the value of emerging markets. ââ¬Å"Our architectural strategy in emerging markets is working extremely well,â⬠he said in the conference call. ââ¬Å"Barring some major economic or political surprises across many of these emerging countries, I would expect this theater to have the potential to grow more than twice the average growth rate of the other four theaters, if we execute effectively. â⬠3 2001 Organizational Restructuring Cisco also transformed and expanded its market focus through acquisitions.Before the downturn (1993ââ¬â2000), Cisco was known for its acquisitions; it acquired 71 start-up companies that specialized in both its core and advanced areas, with 41 of those acquisitions occurring between 1999 and 2000. While emerging markets and acquisitions were key in helping Cisco survive the downturn, the companyââ¬â¢s 2001 organizational restructuring played an even more important role. In its early days as a start-up, Cisco Systems was organized as a centralized engineering organization. As the company grew rapidly after going public in 1990, it adopted a business unit structure that was organized around primary product groups.This structure lasted until 1997, when the company reorganized itself around three semi-autonomous lines of business, each focusing on a distinct customer type: service providers, large enterprises, and small and medium-sized businesses, which Cisco characterizes as the ââ¬Å"commercialâ⬠segment. Within this structure, each of the three lines of business developed and marketed its own products to its specific customer groups. This decentralized organization was created to meet the differing requirements of service providers and SMBs, two groups of customers that were growing rapidly at that time.By creating separate business units, Cisco attempted to meet the needs of e ach without compromise. However, as the market downturn brought about slowing demand and falling revenues, the negative aspects of the segment-centric grouping became clear. Organized behind lines of business focused on the different segments, redundancies in technological development were certainly not surprisingââ¬âcoordination across all technologies relevant to a customer group came at the expense of replicating technology development across customer groups.Still, redundancies became more noticeable at Cisco in the harsh economic environment faced by the company. Each business unit designed and sold its own products to customers in a particular industry, even though each business line produced some similar, if not interchangeable, products. Moreover, differences between customer segments had begun to blur: some enterprise business products suited service provider needs, but the service provider business lacked knowledge of, and access to, them. In some cases, each line of bu siness had a different technology or solution for the same problem.By summer 2001, for example, Cisco had eight different teams developing technology to transmit telephone calls over Internet protocol (IP) networks. As one manager stated, ââ¬Å"Before, we had a service provider customer, enterprise customer, and SMB customer, and we built a complete product line for that customer set. What that did cause was a great deal [of] redundancy of engineering and innovationâ⬠¦we had to build the same thing three times over and make things that are 80% the same three times over to satisfy the three requirements. â⬠Facing the realities of the market downturn, Cisco made a change.On August 23, 2001, the company announced a major restructuring that, CEO John Chambers enthused, would bring Cisco closer to its customers, encourage teamwork, and eliminate product and resource overlaps. Cisco shifted from a decentralized operation focused on specific customer groups to a centralized one focused on technologies. Engineering was reorganized around eleven technology groups: Access, Aggregation, Cisco IOS Technologies, Internet Switching and Services, Ethernet Access, Network Management Services, Core Routing, Optical, Storage, Voice, and Wireless.Although the product groups were divided based on 11 technologies, Cisco retained three sales groups based on customer type. Between the technology and sales groups, a central marketing organization was installed to integrate products and technologies into solutions for the customer. A cross-functional ââ¬Å"solutions engineering teamâ⬠was charged with bringing the 4 different technologies together in a lab, testing them to ensure integration, and then creating blueprints that the customer would use to implement the solution.Marketing and engineeringââ¬âpreviously segmented by customer typeââ¬âwere centralized under the chief marketing officer and the chief development officer, respectively. Cisco also expected the new structure to promote more rapid technical innovation by eliminating overlap in R&D. The old structure inhibited the exchange of ideas because engineers worked in separate silosââ¬âa solution in one area might have suggested a solution in another, but, claimed one executive, ââ¬Å"You might not hear about it for six months if you are in another business unit.â⬠Implementing the Reorganization While a centralized, functional structure would help Cisco avoid product and resource redundancies, it also carried the risk of making the company less customer-focused because the company was organized around product, and not customer, groups. Whereas before each of the three lines of business developed and marketed its own products to its specific customer groups, each functional unit was now committed to a specific technology, which entailed the risk of dismissing the customer.Despite this risk, however, Cisco moved forward, trusting that its customer-centric approach would offset the effects of a functional structure. Customer advocacy had been imprinted on the company during its founding, when Cisco engineers were building customized products for end users with fairly idiosyncratic needs: ââ¬Å"When we started, we made routers, which were basically software devices, and the sales people would literally go out, talk to the customer, the customer would say ââ¬ËI need this protocol,ââ¬â¢ and theyââ¬â¢d say, ââ¬ËWeââ¬â¢ve got that.Weââ¬â¢ll get the code to you in a week. ââ¬â¢ They would go back, tell the engineering guys that they had to develop it, and the engineers would do it,â⬠said a senior manager. ââ¬Å"That kind of stuff really sets the culture of the company; your job is to figure out what problem you are solving for the customer. And what you do everyday, setting up your activities, your tasks, your programs, your projects, your priorities, is in alignment with that notion of solving the customerââ¬â¢s problem.â ⬠The goal was to try and preserve this customer-focused culture that had been engrained in Cisco ever since its founding. However, managers realized even at the time of the 2001 reorganization that maintaining the same level of customer focus would become increasingly difficult as Cisco grew larger in size. Because the reorganization threatened to push the company away from the customer and towards a more functional structure, Chambers knew that Cisco could not lose its customer-centricity.When asked in 2007 how Cisco was able to maintain its customer focus through the reorganization, he said, ââ¬Å"[Customer focus] has been deeply embedded in our DNA since I came here almost seventeen years ago, and while Iââ¬â¢m a very collaborative leader, there are certain aspects of our culture, our vision, our strategy, which are non-negotiable, and customer focus is one of them. â⬠To ensure that this culture would not change, Cisco responded in various ways during the reorganiza tion. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17090106319618738235noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-454286381522882364.post-56979945632540886312020-01-11T04:27:00.001-08:002020-01-11T04:27:02.090-08:00Civilian in SpaceI can only imagine what it would be like traveling to space. It is not something I sit around and think about doing. Those who had the pleasures of going to space, like the astronauts, are those who had been preparing for such a career. This does not make me want to go to space, going to space Is like dying and going to the other side, you just do not know what to expect. Science tells us that space Is like a never ending hole. This sounds a little creepy, but space really Is not all that scary, It Is quite amazing actually.Science tells us that space Is a galaxy with many stars, planets, and rocks. However, I am against civilians In space because clansman are Inexperienced and the cost can become extremely high. If It takes astronauts years to train In order to travel to space, what chances do a Cleveland has? The story, ââ¬Å"Clansman In Space,â⬠states, ââ¬Å"Traveling beyond Earth has been a privilege for a select few, namely, astronauts. â⬠Civilians must be more qua lified than the average astronaut. They must understand the dynamics and velocity of space.In case of an emergency, would a civilian know what to do? The story ââ¬Å"Civilians in Spaceâ⬠gives many fascinating examples like: it is an ââ¬Å"Amazing Experience,â⬠and ââ¬Å"The view of Earth and the stars must be spectacular, and the experience of living in zero gravity would be fascinating. â⬠Equally important to training is the cost of civilians traveling to space. The cost to traveling back and forth to space ranges in the billions, according to the story, ââ¬Å"Civilians in Space. â⬠This money comes from ââ¬Å"Corporate Sponsorship.When civilians lack the knowledge, danger is expected, the story states, ââ¬Å"There are many unknown risks involved. â⬠Then there is the matter of insurance. Car insurance here, on earth, is extremely high; can you imagine the cost of insurance to go to space. In the story, ââ¬Å"Civilians in Spaceâ⬠it states â⠬Å"Companies that specialize in manufacturing travel, marketing, insurance, law, and finance would all have to be involved. â⬠The most important point in the story that expresses a major point of view is how Problems like poverty and diseaseâ⬠should be a priority over taking me into space.All in all, space traveling should be left to the experts. Traveling in space is ministering. However, it is not like going to the mall, Movie Theater, out to dinner, or to Disney World. It is not all about the basic that fascinates civilians to want to travel to space, but about trained experts that can cope with any surprises at any given moment. Civilian in Space By abominating make me want to go to space, going to space is like dying and going to the other side, o Just do not know what to expect.Science tells us that space is like a never ending hole. This sounds a little creepy, but space really is not all that scary, it is quite amazing actually. Science tells us that space is a galaxy with many stars, planets, and rocks. However, I am against civilians in space because civilians are inexperienced and the cost can become extremely high. If it takes astronauts years to train in order to travel to space, what chances do a civilian has? The story, ââ¬Å"Civilians in Space,â⬠Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17090106319618738235noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-454286381522882364.post-90702682198940987192020-01-03T00:50:00.001-08:002020-01-03T00:50:03.082-08:00The Insanity Of Hamlet By William Shakespeare - 1517 Words The Insanity in Hamlet Insanity, a theme explored by multiple authors in countless classic selections, has instilled itself as one of the darkest and interesting themes in the literary world. In Shakespeareââ¬â¢s legendary Hamlet, the audience questions the sanity of Hamlet and Ophelia constantly, as well as that of the other characters. As the story progresses, this becomes more and more relevant, bringing the reader to consider the causes and effects of the charactersââ¬â¢ mental states on the resolution of the literary work. Hamlet obviously suffers from, at best, a mediocre sense of reason. Even as the conflict of the plot began to first arise, Ophelia becomes curious about Hamletââ¬â¢s possible madness when he visits her after seeing the ghost.â⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Though Poloniusââ¬â¢s death clearly occurred at the hand of Hamlet, the location of the body remains secret and Hamlet entrusts no one to know where it rests; nor does he trust anyone to know why the remains of his victim must stay so secret. Hamlet makes his secrecy obvious when he states, In heaven. Send thither to see. If your messenger find him not there, seek him i th other place yourself. But if, indeed, you find him not within this month, you shall nose him as you go up the stairs into the lobby,â⬠(Shakespeare 104). On the contrary, Gertrudeââ¬â¢s sanity never really becomes a subject of question by any character within the story, but one cannot believe she maintains a healthy state of mind if she considered marrying her husbandââ¬â¢s brother. It does not help her case that Claudius killed her husband. She loves him undyingly in a way only a mad person could. Hamlet wonders how on earth she would willingly marry her husbandââ¬â¢s brother only two months after his death. ââ¬Å"A little month; or ere those shoes were old With which she followed my poor father s body Like Niobe, all tears; ââ¬â why she, even she, (O God! a beast that wants discourse of reason, Would have mourn d longer!) married with mine uncle, My father s brother; but no more like my father Than I to Hercules: within a month; Ere yet the salt of most unrighteous tears Had left the flushing in her galledShow MoreRelatedMental Insanity In Macbeth And Hamlet By William Shakespeare952 Words à |à 4 PagesWilliam Shake speare uses insanity to contrast characters in his tragedies. Shakespeare often uses stress as a trigger to spiral his characters into this state of mind. Shakespeareââ¬â¢s tragedies Macbeth and Hamlet both contain characters that experience a great deal of stress and fall into mental unrest. This mental unrest or insanity is a device used by Shakespeare for contrasting imagery of characterization. The contrast of mental illness with mental wellness within these tragedies is shown in multipleRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Hamlet - Sanity Vs. Insanity1742 Words à |à 7 PagesJoyner Sanity VS. Insanity ââ¬Å"Hamlet represents the mid period of the growth of Shakespeare s genius, when comedy and history ceased to be adequate for the expression of his deeper thoughts and sadder feelings about life, and when he was entering upon his great series of tragic writingsâ⬠(The World s Best Essays from the Earliest Period to the Present Time). Hamletââ¬â¢s actions are entirely too extreme for him to be faking his insanity. Hamlet is constantly on the brink of insanity, or so it seems likeRead MoreInsanity By William Shakespeare s Hamlet Essay1998 Words à |à 8 PagesInsanity, the idea that oneââ¬â¢s mental health is weak and questionable. This concept of a low level of mental stability seems to have a concrete definition, which means it should be easy to discern. And yet, the criteria needed to be of sound mind is less tangible. Dr. Frederic S Lee writes, ââ¬Å"The actual degree of insanity from which any one of us suffers is a matter of difficult of determination, since it c an be made known only through the verdict of oneââ¬â¢s peer, who themselves in turn are dementedâ⬠Read MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Hamlet - Uncertain Madness And Insanity1401 Words à |à 6 PagesUncertain Madness and Insanity Madness can drive a person to do actions that could be described as weird, strange, concerning, and disturbing. Hamlet, the main character in the play Hamlet, leads people on to believe he has gone mad and insane. There is a debate that if Hamlet is truly mad, or if he is faking being mad. Also if he Hamlet does slip into insanity in the play at any point. Well with the evidence shown in the play, Hamlet is faking going into madness for most of part. Hamlet does in factRead More Use of Irony in A Streetcar Named Desire and Hamlet Essay706 Words à |à 3 Pages In both A Streetcar Named Desire and Hamlet, Tennessee Williams and William Shakespeare, respectively, demonstrate their abilities to create engaging plays which work on several levels in order to produce the desired effect. One of the most important characteristics of these plays is the playwrights success in using their words to create the worlds surrounding their works. Both Shakespeare and Williams effectively use irony in the aforementioned plays, both in the plot Read MoreIs Hamlet s Madness Genuine Or Feigned?1671 Words à |à 7 Pagescontroversially discussed themes in William Shakespeareââ¬â¢s play, Hamlet, is the theme of Hamletââ¬â¢s madness. Shakespeare left it up to the audience to decide whether he was truly crazy or not. Although, there are many deliberate acts of fabricated insanity repeated throughout the play. Hamletââ¬â¢s life events such as the death of his father, loving someone he cannot have, and not mention the marriage of his mother to his uncle, was enough to make someone go off of the deep end. However, Hamlet even admits that he wasRead MoreMental Illness in Shakespeares Works1371 Words à |à 6 Pagesmental illness most prominently are King Lear, Hamlet, and Macbeth, while also managing to showcase the conception of mental illness at the time. Of the three plays, King Lear is the one that examines mental illness the most. King Lear is the story of the titular king, Lear, his decision to exclude his third daughter, Cordelia, from her inheritance, the abuse he suffers at the hands of his other two daughters, Goneril and Regan, and his descent into insanity, before dying. Possibly the first indicationRead MoreHamlet, Madness or Sanity Essay953 Words à |à 4 PagesHamlet, Madness or Sanity Hamlet, by William Shakespeare, is about a young prince who wants revenge when he learns about the murder of his father. As the play begins, Hamletââ¬â¢s character appears to be a normal, sane person. Moving through the acts Hamletââ¬â¢s personality changes from normal to depressed. There are hints of insanity that try to convince people Hamlet is ââ¬Å"madâ⬠. Others might say that Hamlet is faking madness to pursue his goal of revenge. First, he sees a ââ¬Å"ghostâ⬠that tells Hamlet whoRead MoreInsanity In Hamlet Essay975 Words à |à 4 PagesQuestioning the Sanity of Hamlet In Hamlet by William Shakespeare, Hamletââ¬â¢s sanity is questionable throughout the play. Insanity is defined as the ââ¬Å"unsoundness of mind or lack of the ability to understandâ⬠(Merriam-Webster). In the play, Hamletââ¬â¢s father, King Hamlet, is murdered by Claudius, Hamletââ¬â¢s uncle, in secrecy. To make matterââ¬â¢s worse, Claudius then continues on to get married in an inscetuous relationship with Hamletââ¬â¢s mother, the queen. Emotions are heightened when Hamlet then seeââ¬â¢s a ghost thatRead More Insanity in Hamlet1565 Words à |à 7 PagesHamlet: A look Inside the Insanity Many people have seen Hamlet as a play about uncertainty and about Hamlets failure to act appropriately. It is very interesting to consider that the play shows many uncertainties that lives are built upon, or how many unknown quantities are taken for granted when people act or when they evaluate one anothers actions. Hamlet is an especially intriguing production, both on the set and on the screen because of its uniqueness to be different from what most people Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17090106319618738235noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-454286381522882364.post-77651487319753113702019-12-25T21:14:00.001-08:002019-12-25T21:14:02.491-08:00Admiral Yi Sun Shin of Korea Admiral Yi Sun Shin of Joseon Korea is revered today in both North Korea and South Korea. Indeed, attitudes toward the great naval commander verge on worshipful in South Korea, and Yi appears in several television dramas, including the eponymous Immortal Admiral Yi Sun-shin from 2004-05.à The admiral almost single-handedly saved Korea during the Imjin War (1592-1598), but his career path in the corrupt Joseon military was anything but smooth. Early Life Yi Sun Shin was born in Seoul on April 28, 1545. His family was noble, but his grandfather had been purged from the government in the Third Literati Purge of 1519, so the Deoksu Yi clan steered clear of government service. As a child, Yi reportedly played commander in neighborhood war games and made his own functional bows and arrows. He also studied Chinese characters and classics, as was expected of a yangban boy. In his twenties, Yi began to study at a military academy. There he learned archery, horseback riding, and other martial skills. He took the Kwago National Military Exam to become a junior officer at the age of 28, but fell from his horse during the cavalry test and broke his leg. Legend holds that he hobbled to a willow tree, cut some branches, and splinted his own leg so that he could continue the test. In any case, he failed the exam due to this injury. Four years later, in 1576, Yi took the military exam once more and passed.à He became the oldest junior officer in the Joseon military at the age of 32. The new officer was posted to the northern border, where Joseon troops regularly battled Jurchen (Manchu) invaders. Army Career Soon, young officer Yi became known throughout the army for his leadership and his strategic mastery.à He captured the Jurchen chief Mu Pai Nai in battle in 1583, dealing the invaders a crushing blow.à In the corrupt Joseon army, however, Yis early successes led his superior officers to fear for their own positions, so they decided to sabotage his career. Conspirators led by General Yi Il falsely accused Yi Sun Shin of desertion during a battle; he was arrested, stripped of his rank, and tortured. When Yi got out of prison, he immediately re-enlisted in the army as an ordinary foot-soldier.à Once again his strategic brilliance and military expertise soon got him promoted to commander of a military training center in Seoul, and later to military magistrate of a rural county. Yi Sun Shin continued to ruffle feathers, however, refusing to promote the friends and relatives of his superiors if they did not merit a higher position. This uncompromising integrity was very unusual in the Joseon army and made him few friends.à However, his value as an officer and strategist kept him from being purged. Navy Man At the age of 45, Yi Sun Shin was promoted to the rank of Commanding Admiral of the Southwestern Sea, in the Jeolla region, despite the fact that he had no naval training or experience.à It was 1590, and Admiral Yi was acutely aware of the growing threat posed to Korea by Japan. Japans taiko, Toyotomi Hideyoshi, was determined to conquer Korea as a stepping stone to Ming China. From there, he even dreamed of expanding the Japanese Empire into India. Admiral Yis new naval command lay in a key position along Japans sea route to Seoul, the Joseon capital. Yi immediately began to build up the Korean navy in the southwest, and ordered the construction of the worlds first iron-clad, the turtle ship.à He stockpiled food and military supplies and instituted a strict new training regimen. Yis command was the only section of the Joseon military actively preparing for war with Japan. Japan Invades In 1592, Hideyoshi ordered his samurai army to attack Korea, beginning with Busan, on the southeast coast. Admiral Yis fleet sailed out to oppose their landing, and despite his complete lack of naval combat experience, he quickly defeated the Japanese at the Battle of Okpo, where he was outnumbered 54 ships to 70; the Battle of Sacheon, which was the debut of the turtle boat and resulted in every Japanese ship in the fight sinking; and several others. Hideyoshi, impatient at this delay, deployed all 1,700 of his available ships to Korea, meaning to crush Yis fleet and take control of the seas. Admiral Yi, however, responded in August 1592 with the Battle of Hansan-do, in which his 56 ships defeated a Japanese detachment of 73, sinking 47 of Hideyoshis ships without losing a single Korean one.à In disgust, Hideyoshi recalled his entire fleet. In 1593, the Joseon king promoted Admiral Yi to the commander of three provinces navies: Jeolla, Gyeongsang, and Chungcheong.à His title was Naval Commander of the Three Provinces. Meanwhile, however, the Japanese plotted to get Yi out of the way so that the Japanese armys supply lines would be secure. They sent a double agent called Yoshira to the Joseon Court, where he told Korean General Kim Gyeong-seo that he wanted to spy on the Japanese. The general accepted his offer, and Yoshira began feeding the Koreans minor intelligence. Finally, he told the general that a Japanese fleet was approaching, and Admiral Yi needed to sail to a certain area to intercept and ambush them. Admiral Yi knew that the supposed ambush was actually a trap for the Korean fleet, laid by the Japanese double agent.à The area for the ambush had rough waters that hid many rocks and shoals. Admiral Yi refused to take the bait.à In 1597, because of his refusal to sail into the trap, Yi was arrested and tortured almost to death.à The king ordered him executed, but some of the admirals supporters managed to get the sentence commuted. General Won Gyun was appointed to head the navy in his place; Yi once more was broken down to the rank of foot-soldier. Meanwhile, Hideyoshi launched his second invasion of Korea early in 1597.à He sent 1,000 ships carrying 140,000 men. This time, however, Ming China sent the Koreans thousands of reinforcements, and they managed to hold off the land-based troops. However, Admiral Yis replacement, Won Gyun, made a series of tactical blunders at sea that left the Japanese fleet in a much stronger position. On August 28, 1597, his Joseon fleet of 150 warships blundered into a Japanese fleet of between 500 and 1,000 ships. Only 13 of the Korean ships survived; Won Gyun was killed. The fleet that Admiral Yi had so carefully built was demolished. When King Seonjo heard about the disastrous Battle of Chilchonryang, he immediately reinstated Admiral Yi -- but the great admirals fleet had been destroyed. Nonetheless, Yi was defiant of orders to take his sailors ashore.à I still have twelve warships under my command, and I am alive. The enemy shall never be safe in the Western Sea! In October of 1597, he lured a Japanese fleet of 333 into the Myeongnyang Strait, which was narrow and dredged by a powerful current. Yi laid chains across the mouth of the strait, trapping the Japanese ships inside. As the ships sailed through the strait in a heavy fog, many hit rocks and sank. Those that survived were enveloped by Admiral Yis carefully deposed force of 13, which sank 33 of them without using a single Korean ship.à The Japanese commander Kurushima Michifusa was killed in action. Admiral Yis victory at the Battle of Myeongnyang was one of the greatest naval triumphs not just in Korean history, but in all of history. It thoroughly demoralized the Japanese fleet and cut the supply lines to the Japanese army in Korea. The Final Battle In December of 1598, the Japanese decided to break through the Joseon sea blockade and bring the troops home to Japan. On the morning of December 16, a Japanese fleet of 500 met Yis combined Joseon and Ming fleet of 150 at Noryang Strait. Once again, the Koreans prevailed, sinking about 200 of the Japanese ships and capturing an additional 100. However, as the surviving Japanese retreated, a lucky arquebus shot by one of the Japanese troops hit Admiral Yi in the left side. Yi feared that his death could demoralize the Korean and Chinese troops, so he told his son and nephew We are about to win the war.à Do not announce my death! The younger men carried his body below decks to conceal the tragedy and re-entered the fight. This drubbing at the Battle of Noryang was the last straw for the Japanese. They sued for peace and withdrew all troops from Korea. The Joseon kingdom, however, had lost its greatest admiral. In the final tally, Admiral Yi was undefeated in at least 23 naval battles, despite being seriously outnumbered in most of them. Although he had never fought at sea before Hideyoshis invasion, his strategic brilliance saved Korea from being conquered by Japan. Admiral Yi Sun Shin died defending a nation that had betrayed him more than once, and for that, he is still honored today throughout the Korean Peninsula and is even respected in Japan. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17090106319618738235noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-454286381522882364.post-54540902533459538172019-12-17T17:03:00.001-08:002019-12-17T17:03:02.482-08:00Innovation Theory Of Creative Destruction - 1413 Words The concept of innovation varies greatly on the point of view of the philosopher. Based on this idea of innovation, the understanding of what it means to create a new idea also transforms. However, in terms of dealing with people the perspectives may vary, but generally the struggles of innovation stem from similar ideologies. These thoughts ring true for Schumpeter and Kracauer in their very different concepts of innovation. Schumpeter, overarching concept of innovation centers around his theory of creative destruction, whereas Kracauer focuses on the power of boredom. For Schumpeter, innovation means completely restructuring desire of the individual. This does not mean reshaping, but rather revolutionizing what the consumer wants andâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Innovation never ceases, it is a never ending process of change. To create a new idea involves developing something that completely transforms the status quo. Schumpeter coined the term, industrial mutation, or something, ââ¬Å"that incessantly revolutionizes the economic structure from within, incessantly destroying the old one, incessantly creating a new one. This process of Creative Destruction is the essential fact about capitalism. It is what capitalism consists in and what every capitalist concern has got to live in.â⬠(Schumpeter, The Process of Creative Destruction, 83). In a capitalist society, as referenced in creative destruction, the creation of a new idea often means the destruction of and/or the replacement of a pre-existing belief, product, or understanding. Sometimes this is completely beneficial to all of society, but more often than not, there is some detriment, or the detriment of some. This group is usually those already marginalized most by the current system. In terms of Schumpeterian innovation, there are multiple obstacles or sources of resistance that have to be overcome. First off, there is whatever is being destroyed in the creative destruction. Take Uber for example. In an instant this startup company revolutionized the way that people look at transportation. People had never considered the ease and brilliance of an app that allowed you to summon a taxi in minutes. However, with this came a huge decline of the taxi industry: theyShow MoreRelatedSocial Media And Its Impact On Business Management1268 Words à |à 6 PagesFor decades now Silicon Valley has been the capital for major US technology firms and has become a thriving ecosystem for innovation. Household names in tech ranging from Apple to WhatsApp continue to drive innovations that improve or replace todayââ¬â¢s major industries and business practices. Although many start-up companies fail to gain traction or widespread success, a handful of companies have risen to world- wide success and multi-billion dollar valuations at a pace never before seen in businessRead MoreCreative Destruction And Its Impact On Society1512 Words à |à 7 Pagesfollowing paper will discuss creative destructions and the theories and practices of creative destruction. Also discussed is innovative companies that have produced new and improved technology that has changed the American society as a whole. In this paper, I will be discussing creative destruction and how itââ¬â¢s handled in the smart phone world, housing market world and transportation world. First and foremost one must know what creative destruction is. ââ¬Å"Creative Destruction is a process through whichRead MoreWhy Nations Fail : The Origins Of Power, Prosperity And Poverty1274 Words à |à 6 Pagesit as they please, this leads to less innovation and incentives for people to work and create new technologies, because they will not be justly benefited for their work (Acemoglu Robinson, 2012). In a country where inclusive institutions are implemented people have an incentive to create new technologies and innovation flourishes, which leads to the two key sources of prosperity: Technology and education (Acemoglu Robinson, 2012). The authors use this theory to suggest why South Korea has becomeRead MoreInnovation And The Global Economy1679 Words à |à 7 PagesInnovation can be expressed as the application of new ideas to the processes and products and all the productive activities of an entity that can result to increased productivity and value. The new idea that alt ers how products and services are offered has the potential of bringing benefit to all the stakeholders within an enterprise. It is erroneous to assert that there is a correlation between the rising level of unemployment in the global economy with innovation and technology. A single gadgetRead MoreComparative Critique Of Comparative Capitalism1214 Words à |à 5 PagesBruno Amable, while trying to find with of the two models is consistent with the creative destruction of Joseph Schumpeter. Is the ââ¬Å"varieties of capitalismâ⬠model a recognition that market capitalism economics is in reality political economy? Yes, the ââ¬Å"varieties of capitalismâ⬠model is a recognition that market capitalism economics is in reality political economy. Merriam Webster defines political economy as the theory or study of the role public policy in influencing the economic and social welfareRead MoreThe Impact Of Social Media On The Economy Of Silicon Valley2218 Words à |à 9 PagesIntroduction For decades now Silicon Valley(a nickname for the San Francisco Bay southern region)has been the capital for major US technology firms and has become a thriving ecosystem for innovation. Household names in tech ranging from Apple to WhatsApp continue to drive innovations that improve or replace todayââ¬â¢s major industries and business practices. Although many start-up companies fail to gain traction or wide spread success, a handful of companies have risen to world-wide success and multi-billionRead MoreHayek s Individual Freedom Is Best Secured Through A Free Market1660 Words à |à 7 Pagesthe choice is yours. In regards to that notion of ââ¬Å"free marketâ⬠you have to make your own decisions. From the view of the free market you should have the right to benefit and control property and it is essential part in economic freedom. For this theory, it is the only way that self-development can occur. For you to be truly free in the eyes of Hayek, the market has to have few restrictions in allowing choices to be made. Do what you want, but be smart bout it because the market is what respondsRead MoreThe Effect Of Political Ambiguity On Economic Development1244 Words à |à 5 Pagesincrease its capacity after the point when beneficially of existing technologies finished and enhancement of existing technologies required. The first section of the paper is devoted to structure of process of technologic advancement and effect of innovation and diffusion of technology on economic development. Additionally, different development strategy choices and results of these choices of different development strategies on economic development are attempted to be explained. In the second sectionRead MoreEntrepreneurship1111 Words à |à 5 PagesEntrepreneurship Entrepreneurship is the act of being an entrepreneur or one who undertakes innovations, finance and business acumen in an effort to transform innovations into economic goods. This may result in new organizations or may be part of revitalizing mature organizations in response to a perceived opportunity. The most obvious form of entrepreneurship is that of starting new businesses (referred as Startup Company); however, in recent years, the term has been extended to include socialRead MoreJoseph Schumpeter And Karl Marx : The Philosophy Of Capitalism838 Words à |à 4 Pagesviews of capitalism came to the same conclusion about its end. Marx describes how capitalism is in a constant state of flux, where the instruments and mechanisms of production revolutionise over time. This is not dissimilar to Schumpeterââ¬â¢s creative destruction, which describes the discontinuous development of capitalism, breaking down of limits and challenges to equilibriums set under capitalism (Elliot 1980). But Marx saw the increasing concentration of economic power within the dynamic system of Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17090106319618738235noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-454286381522882364.post-38045380999659787192019-12-09T13:45:00.001-08:002019-12-09T13:45:04.009-08:00The Concept of Marketing and Marketing Process Questions: Discuss the concept of marketing. 1. Process2. Segmentation, Targeting and Positioning3. Extended Marketing Mix4. Marketing mix in Different Context Answers: 1.0 Process It ordinarily includes recognizing the reasonable and potential showcasing open doors in the earth, creating procedures to powerfully use the opportunities, developing suitable advertising methods, and administering the execution of these promoting endeavors. Marketing methodology includes ways that esteem can be made for the clients to fulfill their needs. Advertising procedure is a constant arrangement of activities and responses between the clients and the associations that are making the endeavor make esteem for and fulfill needs of clients. In showcasing process the circumstance is investigated to distinguish opportunities, the method is figured for a worthy suggestion, strategic choices are taken, the arrangement is actualized, and results are observed (Chacour Ulaga, 2015). 1.2 Steps in Marketing Process Under the promoting idea, the firm must figure out how to find unfulfilled client needs and convey to market items that fulfill those needs. The methodology of doing as such can be displayed in a succession of steps. Taking after are the strides included in the Marketing Process:- 1. Circumstance Analysis Investigation of circumstance in which the association discovers itself serves as the premise for distinguishing chances to fulfill unfulfilled client needs. Situational and natural investigation is done to recognize the advertising open doors, to comprehend firms own abilities, and to comprehend the earth in which the firm is working. 2. Advertising Strategy In the wake of recognizing the promoting open doors, a key arrangement is created to seek after the recognized open doors. 3. Advertising Mix Decisions At this stride nitty gritty strategic choices are made for the controllable parameters of the promoting blend. It incorporates - item advancement choices, item estimating choices, item appropriation choices, and item special choices. 4. Execution and Control At last, the promoting arrangement is actualized, and the aftereffects of advertising endeavors are checked to confirm the showcasing blend as per the business sector changes. 1.3 Market-Oriented Approach The methodology implies a business responds to what clients need. The choices taken are based on data about clients' requirements and needs, as opposed to what the business believes is ideal for the client. Best organizations take a business orientated methodology. Advantages Reacting to Demand A business situated way to deal with your little business responds to what your clients need. It takes out the speculating and gauging connected with endeavoring to anticipate item patterns and purchase requests for products. At the point when your clients let you know what they need to purchase, you know you're continually giving an item a prepared supply of purchasers who will make buys. It permits you to streamline your item advancement group and bring down your creation expenses to dispose of items for which shopper request or business need doesn't exist. Building Customer Value Building client esteem through a business sector arranged the way to deal with your little business permits you to expand reliability to your image and create rehash clients. Brand dedication alone is a particular preference in the business on the grounds that it adds to a client base impervious to endeavors from contenders to pull in business through more lucrative offers, including briefly lower costs and initial motivations. At the point when clients feel that you as an entrepreneur are pricing client requests for excellent and esteem most importantly else, they will remunerate your little business with rehash deals and bigger sales (Wu et al., 2015). Broad and Expensive Research To adequately execute a business sector introduction for your little business, you must put resources into broad advertising exploration. It is important to gauge customer needs in the business and create items to match those needs. Leading this examination requires significant investment and may oblige you to contract a private advertising firm to manage the undertaking. The expenses of contracting a private showcasing firm can be extravagant, contingent upon the profundity of exploration needed to focus the needs of clients in your neighborhood commercial center. Expanding Value Increases Cost Expanding quality for your client base additionally expands the creation expenses of your merchandise and administrations. Case in point, deciding to offer item guarantees as a reaction to customer interest obliges you to either have a current support staff close by to make repairs or contract an outside organization to handle all guarantee qualified up-keep. It can raise your expenses to a level where its no more beneficial for you as a little entrepreneur to proceed with a business sector arranged methodology. Your little business could go under even as its ended up being an accomplishment in the business (Thanopoulos, 2015, 2.0 Segmentation, Targeting and Positioning 2.1 Micro and Macro Environment affecting Marketing 2.1.1 Micro Environment Factors The suppliers: Suppliers can control the accomplishment of the business when they hold the force. The supplier holds the force when they are the main or the biggest supplier of their products; the purchaser is not imperative to the supplier's business; the supplier's item is a centerpiece of the purchaser's done item and/or business (Armstrong et al., 2014). The affiliates: If the item the association produces is taken to market by 3rd gathering affiliates or business sector delegates, for example, retailers, wholesalers, and so forth then the showcasing achievement is affected by those 3rd gathering affiliates. Case in point, if a retail dealer is a trustworthy name then this notoriety can be utilized in the promoting of the item (Chon, 2015, The clients: Who the clients are (B2B or B2C, nearby or global, and so on.) and their explanations behind purchasing the item will assume a huge part by the way you approach the advertising of your items and administrations to them. The opposition: Those who offer same or comparative items and administrations as your association are your business sector rivalry, and the way they offer needs to be considered (Vorhies Rao, 2015). The overall population: Your association has an obligation to fulfill people in general. Any activities of your organization must be considered from the point of the overall population and how they are influenced. The general population has the ability to help you achieve your objectives; pretty much as they can likewise keep you from attaining to them (Vorhies Rao, 2015). 2.1.2 Macro Environment Factors Demographic forces: Different business fragments are ordinarily affected by basic demographic strengths, including nation/area; age; ethnicity; instruction level; family unit way of life; social attributes and developments (Chon, 2015, Monetary components: The financial environment can affect both the association's creation and the buyer's choice making methodology. Characteristic/physical forces: The Earth's reestablishment of its common assets, for example, timberlands, rural items, marine items, and so on must be considered. There are additionally the characteristic non-renewable assets, for example, oil, coal, minerals, and so forth that may likewise affect the association's generation. Innovative variables: The abilities and learning connected to the generation, and the innovation and materials required for the creation of items and administrations can likewise affect the smooth running of the business and must be considered. Political and lawful forces: Sound promoting choices ought to dependably consider political and legitimate improvements are identifying with the association and its businesses. Social and social forces: The effect the items and administrations your associations conveys to market have on s ociety must be considered. Any components of the creation process or any items/benefits that are destructive to society ought to be wiped out to demonstrate your association is assuming social liability. A late case of this is the earth and what number of segments are being compelled to audit their items and administrations keeping in mind the end goal to wind up all the more naturally well disposed. Smaller scale and full-scale situations have a critical effect on the accomplishment of advertising battles, and accordingly the elements of these situations ought to be considered inside and out amid the choice making the methodology of a vital advertiser. Considering these variables will enhance the accomplishment of your associations promoting crusade and the notoriety of the brand in the long haul (Chon, 2015, Segmentation The psychographic division includes gathering individuals as far as their disposition, qualities, and ways of life. Besides, amid the procedure of picking business sector division, the similarity and practicality need to taken record in into as well. Advertisers must choose how well an organization's item fits the business division or not. To settle on the choice, an advertiser must consider a few criteria. To start with, it is the item makes the worth for target clients or not. Second, it is important to figure out if adjustment is obliged or not (Achrol Kotler, 2014). H M thoroughly distinguish the actuality of the uniqueness of assorted expending Groups in the M society. HM has attempt to make a "shabby style" dress brand situating that originate from the social polarization and purchasers evolving propensity. HM easily utilize the changing unrestrained design highlight and quality equality with the focus on the overall population. In the meantime, HM seek after to accomplish the viability that offer of "design" as a McDonald's ground sirloin sandwich deals show however welcoming the popular originators to join the union of HM, support model, restricted release, and different techniques. It successfully upgrades its high-class brand picture and makes another blue future for HM in the design business. In addition, alternate viewpoints show game changers also, for example, OEM, concentrating on logistics, abbreviate item cycle promoting to attain to a speedy deal value, touchy business reflection because of far-reaching database framework etc. (Ch on, 2015, Targeting With the target business sector of the 15-35 years of age popular gathering however without the obtaining force of top brand, HM adjust the concentrated worldwide promoting technique to give items and administration to fulfill both the physical and mental needs of target gathering. Then, because of the substantial compass just about 20years of the target market, HM additionally apply the separated worldwide showcasing among their target specialty in view of individual normal for their age. In a word, the focusing on business sector methods of HM has a tendency to have a blend focusing on methodologies (Rosenbloom et al, 2014). With customer tastes change speedier and quicker, HM continentally upgrade the configuration keeping in mind the end goal to take care of client demand. HM take the techniques that not make the pattern, but rather dispatch of the attire style precisely and rapidly in the wake of distinguishing the rising patterns to the best thoughts the quickest land for its own particular purposes. Outline Department and Procurement Department of H M normally has started Planning the stylish pattern and items a year prior. The expert architects of HM will go to in every world's real Fashion Week in spring and summer. Just after three weeks, the center gathering which has a craving of style and quality can buy the hot style dress in HM (Chon, 2015. Positioning It alludes to the demonstration of finding a brand in client's brains over and against rivals as far as qualities and advantages that the brand does and does not offer (Keegan W. J and Green M, C, 1997). Situating is the procedure of creating methods for the psyche of target clients. Advertisers use various general situating methodologies, which incorporate situating by property or advantage, quality and value, utilization or client and contender. Out of sight of globalization, H M can embrace the business sector enhancement positioning procedure in different zones of business to successfully adjust one another. Rely on upon addition pieces of the pie from the expanding developing markets can expand hazard, as of late H M show an extension bearing that purposely however starting another business normal year to spread the business locale. With the conspicuous society contrast among in various nations, Global shopper society situating assumes a huge part of the accomplishment of HM ( Weinstein Pohlman, 2015). 3.0 Extended Marketing Mix 3.1 HM S Creation of Product Competitive Advantage HM is taking after all the most recent advancements in the garments fabricating. It is vital to expanding proficiency, cut expenses and keep costs low while raising quality. In the technological administration for HM is to lower support costs by 15% and reduction squander by 10% to the year 2015. The four non-specific procedures are expense initiative, separation, ease of slender business sector methodology and specialty technique. HM has fetched administration procedure. HM offers stylish apparel at shabby costs offering to expansive markets. This system is additionally extremely suitable for the current efficient circumstance. HM with this technique additionally set high passage obstructions for the contenders (Brennan, Canning McDowell, 2014). 3.2 HMs Distribution Strategy HM is both the shopper and retailer, and we settle on watchful decisions in regards to each vehicle interface in the inventory network from the processing plant to store. Effective streams and expense awareness at each stage is urgent to our prosperity. These components guarantee that the right merchandise wind up in the right amount for every store and at the best cost for clients. Most of the shipments from the suppliers' processing plants goes specifically to logistic focuses in our business sectors, which bolster stores in their geographic region autonomously of national fringes. Further, stores don't have gone down stocks, however are renewed as needed from the appropriation focus (Chitty et al., 2015). 3.4 Pricing Strategy (HM) intends to offer its items at sensible costs and utilize shrewdly planned space to show their things in an offer to win a spot in Indonesia's very focused business sector. The HM idea rotated around "style and quality at the best cost. Costs are reasonable so that individuals from diverse social strata can purchase (Brennan, Canning McDowell, 2014). 3.5 Promotional Strategy In order to advance the organization and its item, the organization will utilize feature ads, print ads and the idea of e-promoting. These advancement and correspondence procedure will have a tendency to meet the customers structure better places all over, particularly those target markets or the purchasers in the working spot (Chitty et al., 2015). Additionally, since the pattern in the commercial center today is the use of e-promoting, the organization will give a site that any customer can get. The utilization of the Internet is evolving cutting edge showcasing overnight while distinctive commercial enterprises have been attempting to utilize it as a major aspect of their advertising system. It doesn't just reconfigured the way distinctive firms work together and the way the purchasers purchase merchandise and administrations yet it likewise get to be instrumental in changing the quality anchor from producers to retailers to buyers, making another retail circulation channel(Brennan, Canning McDowell, 2014). 4.0 Marketing mix in Different Context 4.1 Difference Between Marketing of product and Marketing Services Marketing product manages the "7 P's" of showcasing, which are the item, valuing, spot, advancement, physical environment, process and individuals. Item showcasing, instead of item administration, manages more outbound advertising or client confronting errands (in the more established feeling of the expression). An item market is something that is alluded to when pitching another item to the overall population. Item showcase definition concentrates on a limited explanation: the item sort, client needs (practical needs), client sort, and geographic region (Chacour Ulaga, 2015). Service Marketing s a sub-field of showcasing, which can be part of the two primary ranges of products promoting (which incorporates the advertising of quick moving customer merchandise (FMCG) and durables) and administrations promoting. Administrations showcasing commonly alludes to both business to the buyer (B2C) and business to business (B2B) administrations, and incorporates promoting of administrations. Administrations are (normally) immaterial financial exercises offered by one gathering to another (Priluck,2015, 4.2 International Marketing and Domestic Marketing International Marketing Worldwide promoting intends to offer one's products or administrations around the world. Most organizations start showcasing their products or administrations inside their nation, and extend to the worldwide business sector to catch the more prominent piece of the pie and open up new streets for deals (Thanopoulos, 2015, Domestic Marketing Household advertising means offering inside one's own nation. Commonly, this is the first range where organizations try to market their merchandise or administrations. Since the business, client needs, tastes, topography, demographics, and dissemination routines are likely commonplace, it's regularly the least demanding spot for organizations to dispatch an item. The four P's of promoting - item, value, spot and advancement - are regularly simpler for organizations to focus on the local business (Thanopoulos, 2015). References Achrol, R. S., Kotler, P. (2014). The service-dominant logic for marketing. The service dominant logic of marketing: Dialog, debate, and directions, 320. Armstrong, G., Adam, S., Denize, S., Kotler, P. (2014). Principles of marketing. Pearson Australia. Brennan, R., Canning, L., McDowell, R. (2014). Business-to-business Marketing. Sage. Chacour, S., Ulaga, W. (2015). Customer Value Audit in International Business Markets: A Strategic Marketing Tool. In Proceedings of the 1998 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference (pp. 505-506). Springer International Publishing. Chacour, S., Ulaga, W. (2015). Customer Value Audit in International Business Markets: A Strategic Marketing Tool. In Proceedings of the 1998 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference (pp. 505-506). Springer International Publishing. Chitty, B., Luck, E., Barker, N., Valos, M., Shimp, T. A. (2015). Integrated marketing communications. Cengage Learning Australia Pty Ltd.. Chon, K. S. (2015, January). Traveler destination image modification process and its marketing implications. In Proceedings of the 1990 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference (pp. 480-482). Springer International Publishing. Priluck, R. (2015, January). Relationship Marketing: Loyalty in the Face of Product Failure and Blame--Abstract. In Proceedings of the 2000 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference (pp. 87-87). Springer International Publishing. Rosenbloom, B., MKTG, L. G., Lecture Guide, D., Knowles, L. L. (2014). Marketing channels. MARKETING. Thanopoulos, J. (2015, January). The International Marketing Course in the AACSB Schools*. In Proceedings of the 1986 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference (pp. 470-470). Springer International Publishing. Vorhies, D. W., Rao, C. P. (2015). Development of a Multi-Attribute Scale for Assessing Marketing Effectiveness. In Proceedings of the 1994 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference (pp. 329-329). Springer International Publishing. Weinstein, A., Pohlman, R. A. (2015). Customer value: a new paradigm for marketing management. In Proceedings of the 1997 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference (pp. 132-133). Springer International Publishing. Wu, J., Wen, N., Dou, W., Chen, J. (2015). Exploring the effectiveness of consumer creativity in online marketing communications. European Journal of Marketing, 49(1/2). Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17090106319618738235noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-454286381522882364.post-56195255411628648322019-12-02T01:27:00.001-08:002019-12-02T01:27:03.853-08:00Fuel Consumption Problems and Solutions Essay ExampleFuel Consumption Problems and Solutions Paper With an average of 755 cars for every 1000 people, the United States of America ensures more gasoline than South America, Europe, Africa, and Asia combined (Source: Energy Information Agency) ! Modern world get well more than of its energy from fossil fuels, major part Of it is Oil. We use Oil everywhere, from lipstick and painkillers to gasoline and tires. Almost everything that we use on daily basis is made out Of OiL According to the EIA, over 60% Of world transportation is ran on oil based fuels. How much longer can we consume the resource until we run out of it? If someday we run out of oil, I think that the world should be prepared! Gasoline is a petroleum-delivered liquid that is used in internal combustion engines which are used in almost every type petrifactions. Over the years, the consumption of gasoline is increasing, while the sources are exhausting. Many geologists propose that most of the sources of oil on Earth have reached so-called peak oil which is the point where the amounts of oil produced start to decline. American Association to Petroleum Geologists provides a good example of the peak, In 1861, oil derrick called Monoclinic #1 produced SO barrels of oil daily. We will write a custom essay sample on Fuel Consumption Problems and Solutions specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Fuel Consumption Problems and Solutions specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Fuel Consumption Problems and Solutions specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In 2006, 145 years later, it produced 1 barrel a day. This example shows that everything has a limit, Peak oil is also what causes dramatic price changes n gasoline around the world. In 2000, one gallon of gasoline cost $1. 35 (EIA), right novo its $3. 79 and it keeps on going up. Peak oil in the United States also caused the increase of import of the oil from foreign countries. I believe that instead of consuming more and more every year, and increasing the import of gasoline, not only the LLC. S. , but the whole planet should limit themselves in consumption and find new ways to power their vehicles. The first solution that Id like to propose is stimulating people to purchase vehicles with hybrid engines. In past two years, the automobile companies have been working very hard to create hybrid powered vehicles that will save as much gasoline as possible. The concept Of hybrid engines is simple and effective. The hybrid engine consists Of two parts: small gasoline powered engine and electric battery that is charged by the wheel rotation. In 201 1, the average miles per gallon ratio was about forty five which is almost twice less than Nan-hybrid cars consume (http://www. Greenbrier_com), But only 2. 6% of Americans own at least one hybrid vehicle which does not do enough impact on the consumption problem. In my opinion, this is where the government needs to step in. We need radical changes in vehicle production. First thing that the government needs to do is Start stimulating people to buy electric powered vehicles by giving out loans, grants, or any extra money towards the purchase Of the vehicles. Another thing that would help the problem is allowing people to trade in their old, gasoline powered vehicles for hybrid vehicles at little, or no cost. The cars that are traded in can be recycled and the material can be used in the production of hybrid cars. Another great source of energy is the sun light. For many years, people used solar energy to power different electric devices or even entire houses. Some automobile companies attempted to produce a vehicle that would run entirely on solar energy. It worked perfectly fine during summer due to the sun activity, hut when it came to storing the energy, they faced problems. Solar energy takes a lot of space to store. Solar batteries are also very expensive. To find the solution to this issue, I have talked to one of the students at Thiele College. His name is Benjamin Hellene-Burros. Ben was a part of a research group called Solar Hydrogen Activity Research Kit (ShARK). The main goal of the ShARK is to find an inexpensive way to store the solar energy, Ben believes that if the program is well funded, the solution might e found. The last solution that Id like to propose is promoting alternative fuels. There are many substances on our planet that, potentially, could substitute gasoline as the main type of fuel in the world. The IIS News article called *The Pros and Cons of 8 Green Fuels, Rick Newman describes different types of alternative fuels. According to him, top three green fuels are bodiless, hydrogen, and corn ethanol. Bodiless is derived from vegetable oil, animal fat, and even used cooking Oil! Unlike most Other alternative fuels, bodiless does not require major changes in the vehicle, as long as its powered with a diesel engine. It is fully renewable and relatively clean burning product. Comparing to any Other alternative fuel, bodiless is used by many people around the world. There are many gas stations that have a bodiless pumps such as Exxon and Mobile Fuels. But the only way for bodiless to work without any issues is if its pure, which is not how its sold at gas stations. Because of the high cost, its usually mixed with regular diesel. Such mix tends to damage engines and fuel pumps of the vehicles, (U. S. News) Hydrogen can be extracted from water or natural gas. During the process of the extraction, hydrogen and oxygen convert into electricity. Unlike bodiless, hydrogen is not used widely due to the problem of storage, In order to use it as fuel, hydrogen needs to be kept Lender high pressure at all times. (U. S. News) Corn ethanol is a pretty common fuel as its mixed with most types of gasoline at any gas station. The concentration of ethanol can reach up to 85%, but it still needs gasoline on order to combustion, Ethanol is extracted from corn which grows widely in the United States. Just like the bodiless it is fully renewable. The only problem faith corn ethanol is that it doesnt provide as much energy as gasoline goes, therefore its less efficient. IS. S. News) All these solutions have been discussed by many research groups and politicians. But Id like propose something they do not talk about. Henry Ford and Rudolf Diesel designed their first engines to run on the most organic and efficient fuel on the planet hemp. Up until 1937, citizens of the United States were allowed to grow hemp and take advantage Of this great material. Poor hundreds Of years, hemp was used in almost everything. Food, clothing, medicine, fiber, fuel, and many more things were made out Of hemp. It is fully renewable and recyclable. It grows at a very fast rate producing up to 25 tons per hectare per year! In my opinion, hemp is the solution to the problem Of dependence on fossil fuels. If we grow hemp on as little as six percent of the U. S. Territory. We can stop using fossil fuels once and for all. The only issue with hemp is that growing it is illegal! The best material on the planet is the illegal one. Its a complete nonsense! The advocates against hemp argue that it can be used as a drug, but this information is not proven, Hemp contains almost no ETC, which is the chemical that gets, people who smoke it, high. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17090106319618738235noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-454286381522882364.post-9413004359712686552019-11-26T21:38:00.001-08:002019-11-26T21:38:07.259-08:00Blog Image Context How To Choose Relevant Blog ImagesBlog Image Context How To Choose Relevant Blog Images It was mid-autumn, and the air was getting colder. I was walking with a friend down the street, heading to that eveningââ¬â¢s symphony performance. As we passed by the county jail on the opposite side of the street, I stopped. I could not believe my eyes. ââ¬Å"Look at that!â⬠I said to my friend. I pointed to the south entrance of the jail building. Now I know that it is commonplace to see photographers with their clients out and about, shooting photos in alleys, the middle of the street, parks, and especially our state capitol grounds library which has soaring two-story Ionic columns and is about the only place around here that you can get that kind of architectural background. But I admit I was surprised to see a photographer out shooting a very-pregnant woman in a tube top on the steps of the county jail. ââ¬Å"What are they doing?â⬠my friend asked. ââ¬Å"I imagine she is having some pregnancy photos taken. You know, the ones that show a baby bump.â⬠ââ¬Å"But why in front of the jail?â⬠ââ¬Å"I assume they want the Art Deco architecture in the background,â⬠I said, hoping it wasnââ¬â¢t because the babyââ¬â¢s father was inside the jail or that she was establishing some horrific self-fulfilling prophecy of where her child would end up. ââ¬Å"Iââ¬â¢m not sure the subtlety of the Art Deco elements is really worth it if you have to use the jail as the background.â⬠Our discussion continued as we walked to the concert, ranging from how cold it would be to wear a tube top on that chilly evening to the proclivity for Art Deco to pop up in North Dakota architecture. But Iââ¬â¢ve thought about that incident a lot since then, weighing the photographerââ¬â¢s decision to go for an interesting background for her photo and choosing to ignore the context that background provided. Not everyone would know the photo was in front of the jail, but many would. Every image carries, and is in need of, context. This is important when it comes to choosing powerful images for your blog posts. Every Image Needs Context Benign images- stock photos at their worst- carry very little context beyond that of you grabbing a photo for your blog post because you know itââ¬â¢s a best practice to have one. The problem is that even that seemingly innocuous context can work against your great blog post, suggesting that the copy that goes along with this plain vanilla image is just as unexciting. Every image needs context and has its own context, and all of this can work for or against your blog post and the likelihood that someone will read it. 1. A picture is worth a 1,000 words. Any words. A picture is worth a thousand words. But which thousand? On its own, a photo assumes the context the viewer is most comfortable with. Rare is the image that canââ¬â¢t be interpreted differently depending on what the viewer brings to it. One viewer sees complexity while standing before a Pollock painting, and another sees the handiwork of a kindergartner gone mad. That same painting evokes different reactions, too, depending on whether it is hanging in an art gallery or on the wall of an elementary school. A few weeks after the jail photo shoot, I met a friend for coffee. Out of curiosity, I asked her what she would assume if she saw the county jail in the background of baby bump-type photo. ââ¬Å"Iââ¬â¢d assume the father of the baby was in jail.â⬠ââ¬Å"Really?â⬠Her reaction surprised me, but maybe she was correct. My assumption had been that the Art Deco elements were the goal, but then again, my major was in art and thatââ¬â¢s how I see everything. Pollockââ¬â¢s painting will always be hanging in a gallery for me. The context of yourà images helps define the content in which theyà appear.Consider your audience. Consider your blog. The thousand words that your image contributes to your post might not be the thousand you were aiming for if you donââ¬â¢t consider who is reading and the blog it is being read on. Tip: In this day and age where it seems as if everyone is looking to be offended, always review the images you select for your blog posts. While you canââ¬â¢t please everyone (and you donââ¬â¢t want to, because that leads to bland, flavorless content), get a set of fresh eyes on the imagery and ask them what they think when they see it with your blog postââ¬â¢s headline and after reading the blog. 2. The words you put with an image changes its impact. Moving beyond the thousand words that your image brings with it, you can include words with images to change its impact. This works best with flexible or peripheral images, those that are illustrating an abstract concept or scenario that could be used lots of ways. These are powerful images because they evoke reader curiosity (which weââ¬â¢ll talk about in a bit). However, they also have to be framed into proper context or confusion arises. For example, imagine an image of a child, head down at a school desk. What does that image mean? If your headline or caption reads: ââ¬Å"Almost half of children donââ¬â¢t eat breakfast before schoolâ⬠... ...your interpretation of that image would be different than if that same text read: ââ¬Å"How to blame your dog for eating your homework, and other productivity hacksâ⬠. The same image can mean very different things. The words you use with an image puts it into context so that you donââ¬â¢t have to wonder if the babyââ¬â¢s father was in jail or if the mother loved Art Deco architecture. Recommended Reading:à How To Design The Best Blog Graphics With Free Tools And Design Theory Admittedly, when searching for stock images, we only have keywords to go on, and itââ¬â¢s tough to find images outside of the typical realm of our search. A search on ââ¬Å"productivityâ⬠will turn up boring images of computers, notepads, office scenes, and so on. Youââ¬â¢ll miss out on those peripheral images that can mean different things in different settings unless you get really good at searching on abstract words for big ideas (which weââ¬â¢ll talk about in a bit). Tip: Use captions with images, and consider captions that do more than indicate where you got the image. Pose a question as a caption, one that the image hints at to answer. Or, use highlighted text or pull quotes in the body of your blog post that frame your images properly. People who are skimming content will see images, headings, and pull quotes. If they are all in contextual sync, the better for you. 3. Images pulled out of context take on new context. Several years ago, I was reading a story online about a man who had been arrested for abusing children after quite a manhunt. The story had only one photo, a small headshot of the reporter who wrote the story. It was the newspaperââ¬â¢s practice to include the headshot of the author. The headshot was a few paragraphs down, embedded in the text of the story, on the right. The problem was that there was no other photo for the story. As this story was shared on social media, the bold headline that told of a man who had committed a horrific crime against children was associated with an image of the reporter. By the next day, the headshot was pulled from the article, so this unfortunate realization must have occurred to the newspaper, too, but Iââ¬â¢d already seen the article shared on social media with the grinning reporter next to the headline, insinuating he was the criminal. The first rule would be that you should always have a featured image for every blog post so that your headshot or a random ad doesnââ¬â¢t become the image on social media. But thereââ¬â¢s more to it than that. A clever or innocuous image that relies on the body copy of a blog post may seem fine, but when it gets shared on social media, all that people may have to go by is the headline and the image. Is the right context still there? More than ever, headline clarity matters. But so does headline-image match. Look at your blog postââ¬â¢s featured image, the one that you (and others) will be seeing when it is shared on social media. Is the context all wrong? Is the message not what you expected? Tip: If need be, incorporate words into your graphic itself (using Canva.com perhaps) so that wherever the image travels, the context does, too. This is especially helpful if your blog post topic is controversial or evokes strong reactions. Choosing Powerful Images That Work It isnââ¬â¢t easy choosing an image to go with a blog post, matching image with message. Most of the time is devoted to the actual blog post, and itââ¬â¢s pretty common to toss an image in as an afterthought just before you publish. The image, however, is doing some serious work (such as helping your blog post get read on already image-saturated social networks), so you should give it serious consideration. Recommended Reading:à How To Make The Best Blog Graphics (For Non-Designers) I came up with a few ways to approach making a decision about images you will use with your blog posts. Whether you use all or some from this list is up to you. 1. Your image must stand out. Getting your image to stand out isnââ¬â¢t easy. Every social network is overrun with images. The methods youââ¬â¢ll use to get your image to stand out are, quite simply: Color Startling image Using humor. Humor is probably the easiest way to go when it comes to creating a startling image that stands out, but when everyone does it...no one does it well after a while. This is particularly the case with memes. I know that a lot of blog posts recommend using memes and other pop-culture images, but I suggest proceeding with caution in how you choose those types of images. Weââ¬â¢ve all seen the Boromir ââ¬Å"One does not simplyâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ meme to death, or the Dos Equis Most Interesting Man In The World meme. Neither are particularly funny at this point, and are almost completely ignorable. In other words, they are no longer a startling image because they became overused. Humor startles when itââ¬â¢s fresh and stinks when itââ¬â¢s stale. Shake up assumptions. Startling images are hard to come by, at this point, and completely subjective. However, you can use an image out of typical context and make a strong point for your blog post that is completely within your context. An example is an image I found for a post Garrett wrote several years ago. Despite the age of the post, that image still comes to mind even now. In his post, he introduced the concept of content marketing to readers, and discussed how it was different from traditional marketing forms. While looking for an image to illustrate the post, I considered the usual suspects: stock photos of computers, people, pens on notebooks, guy holding a loudspeaker- you know the kind of generic images Iââ¬â¢m talking about. And then I found this: The color (or the lack thereof) is striking, but the image itself is also startling. And the image, in conjunction with the title (ââ¬Å"What Is Content Marketing?â⬠), is startling, too. It inspires curiosity that could get someone to read your blog post, because what would a post-apocalyptic dystopia have to do with content marketing? When I stumbled across the image in the stock photo gallery, I was immediately drawn to it, and it suddenly occurred to me that it perfectly illustrated the problem that content marketing solved. In the wasteland of marketing, there had to be a better solution. I captioned the image, ââ¬Å"Traditional marketing has desensitized our audience and made them tune out our message. What now?â⬠and used it to tap into the initial problem that filled the introductory paragraphs of the blog post (to which content marketing was the eventual solution, of course). Another example is this post, a blog post about capturing ideas. Avoiding the usual imagery of a lightbulb, post-it notes, or someone with question marks above their head, I went with goldfish in a bowl that had striking orange-blue (complementary/opposite) colors. An example of blog image context with an unusual, interesting visual. Tip: The best image is the one that makes you ask a different question about your blog post. Instead of merely illustrating the blog postââ¬â¢s obvious concepts or generic associations, try finding an image that illustrates an abstract concept in a surprising way. 2. Your image should illustrate the idea. Not every post will have a post-apocalyptic dystopian photo to go with it (nor should it), but you should always try to match your graphics up to the big idea in your post. What I mean is that your post is about something bigger than a computer keyboard or a jar of pens or whatever other generic stock photo image you so often see on blog posts. Boring imagery often illustrates objects that are related to the topic instead of the higher concepts. Sure, a computer is related to content marketing, but who cares? This is tricky, particularly if you are pressed for time and know that you need to have an image with every blog post so that it fares well on social media. It takes serious time to find or create images that perform this level of illustration. One of my favorite illustrations is the one Ashton didà for a blog post I wrote about creating content for fragmented audiences. When Ashton finished the illustration and sent it to me for review, I absolutely loved it. She illustrated the big idea perfectly, showing two forms of fragmentation (generational and device use) in one simple image. The image hit on concrete points in the post as well as showed, at a glance, the challenge a fragmented audience presented to content marketers. The post-apocalyptic dystopia image from #1 fits this criteria, too, by addressing the big idea behind the problem which requires the solution outlined in the blog post. Any image is better than none (mostly), but part of your editorial planning should be about deciphering the big idea in your post and finding or creating imagery that illustrates that instead of peripheral objects or actions that donââ¬â¢t mean anything. Tip: When you finish writing your blog post, sum it up in one sentence for yourself. Find the big idea, and then find an image to illustrate that specific idea instead of finding an image to illustrate your blog post in general. 3. Your image could evoke curiosity. As long as your image isnââ¬â¢t fighting the proper context (i.e. suggesting the opposite of what your blog post is about), it could function successfully even if it is vague (sort of like the examples in #1). Letââ¬â¢s take a look at an old blog post of mine from several years ago. The blog post is about how the people you follow on social media can actually change you and how you view and react to things. When I set about trying to find an image that would go with the post, I wanted to avoid social media logos, stock photo people, or those creepy white stock photo balloon stick figures. But this was a tough topic to find an image for. Should I find something that illustrated the concept of following? Of social media? Of change? These were abstract ideas, which are hard to find images for. I decided to focus on the idea of ââ¬Å"viewâ⬠, and I ended up using this image: It was visually strong with its graphic circles and bold red element, fulfilling #1. Itââ¬â¢s a photo of camera filters, suggesting the idea of how the people we follow on social media filter our understanding and view. Now, in hindsight, Iââ¬â¢d have gone back into the post to rework the copy a bit to highlight this concept, freely using the camera/lense/viewfinder/filter analogy so that it would make better sense to the reader. That would have made it work better. Tip: Write your post. And then, if you find a fantastic image that evokes curiosity, go back and edit your post so it fits. Sometimes the image can inspire the copy, and thatââ¬â¢s perfectly fine. How Will You Explore Blog Image Context? In a nutshell, this post is about understanding how context can affect a readerââ¬â¢s interpretation of an image, and what you can do to frame that context. And then, itââ¬â¢s about playing around a bit with context, bending those rules as far as you can so that you choose blog post images that really get attention and get readers to read. Recommended Reading: Weââ¬â¢ve written a lot of posts to help you with both choosing and creating images for your blog content. Are You Sure Youââ¬â¢re Using Copyright Free Images For Your Blog? Should You Use Stock Or Free Images For Blog Posts? Color Psychology In Content Marketing: The Ultimate Color Guide Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17090106319618738235noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-454286381522882364.post-72906111907778869432019-11-23T05:12:00.001-08:002019-11-23T05:12:05.817-08:00A Quiz About Quotation MarksA Quiz About Quotation Marks A Quiz About Quotation Marks A Quiz About Quotation Marks By Mark Nichol Use of quotation marks for dialogue is fairly straightforward; several posts on this website that deal with the topic can by found by searching for ââ¬Å"quotation marks.â⬠This quiz deals with other uses of these emphasis markers. Read the following sample sentences, determine the problem with the use of quotation marks, and devise a solution. (Note that I use single quotation marks rather than double quotation marks because of my custom of framing the entire sample sentence in a pair of the latter.) Then, take a look at my revisions and explanations at the bottom of the page and see how they compare with your changes: 1. ââ¬Å"The IQ evaluation provides a ââ¬Ësnapshotââ¬â¢ of a childââ¬â¢s cognitive skills at a particular point in time.â⬠2. ââ¬Å"Perry is connecting with a growing number of Republicans because of his uncompromising rhetoric and his back-slapping, guy-who-married ââ¬Ëthe first girl I datedââ¬â¢ persona.â⬠3. ââ¬Å"Consider the glass ââ¬Ëhalf full and not half empty.ââ¬â¢Ã¢â¬ 4. ââ¬Å"The old fixer-upper looks like it was designed by ââ¬Å"The Amityville Horrorâ⬠house architect.â⬠(This example is from a newspaper; many such publications use quotation marks, rather than italics, to denote titles of films, books, and other self-contained compositions.) 5. ââ¬Å"They reviewed cross-border reproductive care, or ââ¬Å"medical tourism,â⬠as an increasing phenomenon in respect to egg donation.â⬠6. ââ¬Å"Our waterworks have reached the classic ââ¬Ërun to failureââ¬â¢ moment.â⬠7. ââ¬Å"He used scientific reasoning to show that singing and dancing could cure melancholy by stirring up the ââ¬Ësecretionsââ¬â¢ in the human ââ¬Ëmachine.ââ¬â¢Ã¢â¬ Answers and Explanations 1. The informal usage of a word need not be excused with what are sometimes called apologetic quotation marks (what I refer to frequently in these posts by a more common label: scare quotes): ââ¬Å"The IQ evaluation provides a snapshot of a childââ¬â¢s cognitive skills at a particular point in time.â⬠2. This sentence attempts to allude to erstwhile presidential candidate Rick Perryââ¬â¢s pride that he married the first girl he dated, but the writer, after a promising start in which they began stringing the relevant words together in an extended hyphenated phrasal adjective, fumbles by attempting to employ a direct quote. The best solution would be to abandon the attempt at direct quotation and fold a paraphrase into the adjective string: ââ¬Å"Perry is connecting with a growing number of Republicans because of his uncompromising rhetoric and his back-slapping, guy-who-married-the-first-girl-he-dated persona.â⬠3. This reference to the idiomatic metaphors for optimism and pessimism implies that there is an idiom consisting of the phrase ââ¬Å"half full and not half empty.â⬠However, only the distinct antonyms ââ¬Å"half fullâ⬠and ââ¬Å"half emptyâ⬠are valid, and there is no reason to enclose them in quotes (also, a comma seems more effective than the conjunction and): ââ¬Å"Consider the glass half full, not half empty.â⬠4. Here, the writer is attempting to employ the first word of the movie title as a direct article for the framing sentence, but it cannot serve double duty. In this case, it is acceptable to transfer the to duty with the sentence and leave the title temporarily bereft of the direct article that begins it (ââ¬Å"The old fixer-upper looks like it was designed by the ââ¬ËAmityville Horrorââ¬â¢ house architectâ⬠). However, the sentence would read more smoothly if it were relaxed, including the insertion of a couple of additional direct articles and the retention of the full movie title: ââ¬Å"The old fixer-upper looks like it was designed by the architect who designed the house in ââ¬ËThe Amityville Horror.ââ¬â¢Ã¢â¬ 5. This sentence is doubly irritating. As in the first example above, the scare quotes are extraneous. In addition, it seems illogical to me to introduce the gloss (brief definition) of the phrase ââ¬Å"medical tourismâ⬠before it; why, then, bother introducing the idiom at all? Use a term-then-gloss structure: ââ¬Å"They reviewed medical tourism, or cross-border reproductive care, as an increasing phenomenon in respect to egg donation.â⬠(A compromise is to explicitly identify the idiom as such following the literal description for the topic in question: ââ¬Å"They reviewed cross-border reproductive care, known popularly as medical tourism, as an increasing phenomenon in respect to egg donation.â⬠) 6. The phrase ââ¬Å"run to failureâ⬠may be a partial quotation from someone, but unless it is a clever coinage heretofore unfamiliar to readers (and even then, use the explanatory solution in the fifth example, above), the phrase should simply be strung together as a phrasal adjective: ââ¬Å"Our waterworks have reached the classic run-to-failure moment.â⬠7. Trick question in the original context, as least, itââ¬â¢s clear that ââ¬Å"secretionsâ⬠is a direct quote. Sometimes, itââ¬â¢s best to indicate that an unusual word was actually written or spoken by the source, and sometimes, scare quotes are helpful (as in the case of those framing machine, which may well have also been a direct quote). In this case, Iââ¬â¢d leave the sentence as is. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Coordinating vs. Subordinating Conjunctions25 Russian Words Used in English (and 25 More That Should Be)Using "May" in a Question Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17090106319618738235noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-454286381522882364.post-37399248124295476172019-11-21T04:15:00.001-08:002019-11-21T04:15:03.240-08:00Does leadership style effect how organisational change is implemented EssayDoes leadership style effect how organisational change is implemented - Essay Example s of organizational change with special reference to the change models of Lewin and Kotter, the importance of various leadership styles and how they effect organizational changes and focuses on the other factors that facilitate organizational changes. The methodology section of the paper makes use of the qualitative approach and the research design consists of the leadership style survey of Lewin which was conducted among the managers and CEOs of various organizations and a direct interview specially designed for the employees who served in various organizations. .The major themes derived out of the survey and the interviews are elaborately discussed and analyzed in Chapter 4. The conclusions of the study show that leadership styles do affect how organizational change is implemented and prove that it is the democratic or participative approach to leadership style that best suits during organizational changes. The results of the study are equally beneficial to the managers as well as the work force in the whole of management scenario. The following chapter details the aim of this research project and gives an insight into the concepts of organizational change, leadership styles and how leadership styles affect how organizational changes are implemented. An overview of the topic as well as the justification for the topic is also dealt with. . The purpose of this thesis is to illustrate the correlation between various leadership styles and how organisational change is implemented under each of them. Therefore, the general research question is, ââ¬Å"Does leadership style effect how organisational change is implemented?â⬠The paper also tries to explore how different leadership styles de-motivate or motivate staff, and how employees respond to organizational changes under various leadership styles. The primary purpose of the paper is to identify which of the leadership styles best suit organizations during organizational change. The research topic is organizational Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17090106319618738235noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-454286381522882364.post-54549567577942442452019-11-19T18:27:00.001-08:002019-11-19T18:27:03.096-08:003 questions need answers Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words3 questions need answers - Coursework Example Musical examples combining these are; Tossin and Turnin (Bobby Lewis), Hey Little Cobra (Bruce and Terry), Dream Love (Bobby Darin), The Happy Organ (Dave Cortez) and The Twist (Chubby Checker). In America in the 1950s, popular music dominated and totally defined musical trends. Earlier on at the end of the World War II, swing had been replaced by classic pop. The post war swing put emphasis on orchestration while pop focused on storyline and emotions. 1950s saw emotional delivery in pop music reaching the apex especially in the miniature psycho-drama songs by Johnnie Ray, a singer and writer. Due to the fan hysteria at this time when most of the fans were teenagers, the birth of other genres like rock n roll came to root through the original pioneers. This evolution was caused by amongst others; Jezebel (Cry of the Wild Goose), Johnnie Ray (The Four Lads), Frank Sinatra (Young at Heart), Tony Bennett (Cold) and Rosemary Clooney (Come On-a My House). These two bodies came to aid artists in their music given that radio stations had the habit of discriminating against some upcoming musicians. Moreover, even the established artists were not benefitting from the music they created and there was an inevitable move to try and harmonize conditions in the industry Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17090106319618738235noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-454286381522882364.post-39418490786172785012019-11-17T06:58:00.001-08:002019-11-17T06:58:04.804-08:00Tv Cooking Show Essay Example for Free Tv Cooking Show Essay Ever sit at home with nothing to do? Thatââ¬â¢s how I feel all the time! Especially when Iââ¬â¢m off from school, work, and simply everything. When I have nothing to do, my basic routine is to sit on the couch with my dog and turn on the TV. If Disney Channel is not an option to watch, I would turn to channel fifty-three, the Food Network. Watching the Food Network brightens my knowledge to a variety of cooking. The show taught me how to filet a fish, how to grill a lobster to perfection, and how to make one amazing pork chop. To be honest, without the Food Network shows, I would still be able to cook, but the foods would not be as good and flavorful. If I did not watch any cooking show, the only way for me to cook would be out of my crock pot. My foods without any lessons from the TV would be plain, tasteless, and simple. Being a student at Louisiana Culinary Institute, cooking and baking hold a very promising place in my life. Although itââ¬â¢s out of boredom that I watch the Food Network, cooking and baking is what I do everyday. Growing up I loved watching my mom and grandma do what they do best in the kitchen cooking. Admiring and watching them brought me to my passion in the culinary field. Watching them cook taught me a few things as well. Even though my cooking can not be compared to theirs, it does come pretty close. When I watch the Food Network, my favorite show is ââ¬Å"Diners, Dive-Ins, and Divesâ⬠with the host and chef, Guy Fieri. This show is perfect for me because I love to travel and I love to eat. The show is about Guy Fieriââ¬â¢s quest around the world to find the best diners that serve the best foods. Good foods, cheap prices, lay-back locations, and traveling is all that I can ask for, and this show have gotten my vote. Not only do I find out where to eat, I also learn how some of these amazing foods are prepared. What more can I ask for? Every year, traveling is always on my calendar and agenda. When I travel, the most important thing is location, where to eat, and prices. Watching ââ¬Å"Diners, Dive-Ins, and Divesâ⬠helps me know where I can go to eat when Iââ¬â¢m out of town and help me save money. The thing that is so interesting when I watch Guy Fieriââ¬â¢s show is that anything that I crave for at home, I can make for myself if the restaurant is not around. The show taught me how to cook delicious foods within my price range. Watching the show helps me plan any road-trips much easier. It doesnââ¬â¢t matter where I travel, Guy Fieri can always refer me to a good place to dine. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17090106319618738235noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-454286381522882364.post-87855974187447044422019-11-14T19:29:00.001-08:002019-11-14T19:29:03.497-08:00The Franciscan Order; A Victim of its own Success Essay -- essays rese The Franciscan movement was a religious order that arose out of one manââ¬â¢s ideologies and beliefs. St. Francis of Assisiââ¬â¢s ideals of absolute poverty, obedience, humility, and simplicity were uncomplicated and basic, but during his life and even shortly after his death these ideologies were gradually shifting and causing a great amount of debate. The immense size of the Franciscan Order combined with the mass amount of popularity that the Order gained made changes in the ideology and objectives of Francisââ¬â¢ messages and teaching almost an inevitable necessity. Some could argue that in many ways the Franciscan Orderââ¬â¢s original ideologies were a victim of the movementââ¬â¢s success. This is evident in the main rules of the Order, what the rules were initially like during the life of Francis, and what they became after his death. à à à à à Saint Francis of Assisi was born in 1182 into a wealth family. His father was Peter Bernardone, a wealthy cloth merchant. Throughout Francisââ¬â¢ childhood he experienced many of the physical pleasures in life; however, gradually he began to have visions from the divine. The first vision appeared when he was fighting with knights against Assisiââ¬â¢s enemies, the second during a night of merriment and celebration, and a third when he was praying at the ruined Church of San Damiano. During the latter vision, Francis heard a voice coming from the crucifix telling him to rebuild the Church. Francis sold many of his fatherââ¬â¢s assets and gave the money to San Damiano, but his father was unimpressed. Francis publicly denounced his father, striping naked and throwing his clothes at his father, saying that his only father from that point on was the divine. For a time Francis wandered unsure of what to do, until he had his fourth divine vision on February 28, 1206. He realized that his true mission in life was the imitation of the life of Christ. Francis took to begging, and wandering from town to town, caring for those less fortunate than himself, and taking only what was necessary for his survival. After a time, Francis accumulated a small number of followers and soon realized that some rules would have to be formulated to govern his order. On April 6th 1209 the order began when Francis said, ââ¬Å"He that will come after me, let him deny himselfâ⬠¦This, my brothers, is our life and rule and that of all those who shall wish to join... ... and also made the Order increasingly difficult to govern. This difficulty in governance often forced the Order to turn to the Pope for guidance, thus creating a dangerous reliance on the Pope and making the order submissive to a potentially oppressive and dogmatic power. Likewise, the popularity of the movement contributed to its size. The more popular the Order was the more people joined it. The popularity also contributed to the relaxing of the standards of poverty, humility and simplicity. Money and gifts were given to the Order, jobs with a degree of power and prestige were offered to members of the Order by the Pope, and many other circumstances. The Order itself had become a worldly institution rather than a wandering group of poor friars as Francis had intended. With such undermining of the original ideals and objectives of St. Francis, a split in the Order seems almost inevitable. Final Word Count: 2971à à à à à Sources/ Works Cited Burr, D. Olivi and Franciscan Poverty: The Usus Pauper Controversy. Philadelphia; University of Pennsylvania Press, 1989. Moorman, J. A History of the Franciscan Order. UK; Oxford University Press, 1968. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17090106319618738235noreply@blogger.com0